Biology In Human Welfare- Microbes In Human Welfare

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-bacteria-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Bacteria </primary></h3>
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<ul>
<li>One of the major groups of microbes involved in sewage treatment</li>
<li>Play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter</li>
<li><strong>Examples of bacteria involved in sewage treatment</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Aerobic bacteria: utilize oxygen for the breakdown of organic matter</li>
<li>Anaerobic bacteria: function in the absence of oxygen</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Aerobic bacteria commonly used in sewage treatment include</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Anaerobic bacteria commonly used in sewage treatment include</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Methanogens, Desulfovibrio, Clostridium</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</main>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ Biology In Human Welfare- Microbes In Human Welfare - Microbes in sewage treatment $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Bacteria </span> $\rightarrow$ Fungi $\rightarrow$ Protozoa </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-primary-treatment-of-sewage-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Primary Treatment of Sewage </primary></h3>
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<main>
<ul>
<li>First stage of sewage treatment process</li>
<li>Involves the removal of large solid materials</li>
<li><strong>Methods used in primary treatment</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Screening: Removal of large debris</li>
<li>Grit and sand removal: Sedimentation or filtration</li>
<li>Sedimentation: Settling of suspended particles</li>
<li>Sludge disposal: Removal of sludge</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</main>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Viruses $\rightarrow$ Stages of Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Primary Treatment of Sewage </span> $\rightarrow$ Secondary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ Tertiary Treatment of Sewage </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-secondary-treatment-of-sewage-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Secondary Treatment of Sewage </primary></h3>
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<main>
<ul>
<li>Second stage of sewage treatment process</li>
<li>Focuses on the removal of dissolved organic matter</li>
<li><strong>Methods used in secondary treatment</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Activated Sludge Process: Microorganisms break down organic matter in aeration tanks</li>
<li>Trickling Filters: Microbes attach to filter media to degrade organic matter</li>
<li>Rotating Biological Contractors: Microbes grown on rotating discs treat sewage</li>
<li>Waste Stabilization Ponds: Natural processes degrade organic matter</li>
<li>Oxidation Ditches: Biological treatment through mixing and aeration</li>
<li>Anaerobic Digestion: Microbes break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen</li>
<li>Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor: Removal of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</main>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Stages of Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ Primary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Secondary Treatment of Sewage </span> $\rightarrow$ Tertiary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-tertiary-treatment-of-sewage-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Tertiary Treatment of Sewage </primary></h3>
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<main>
<ul>
<li>Third stage of sewage treatment process</li>
<li>Focuses on further purification to meet specific water quality standards</li>
<li><strong>Methods used in tertiary treatment</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Filtration: Removes fine particles through sand or membrane filters</li>
<li>Disinfection: Reduction of harmful microorganisms using chemicals or UV radiation</li>
<li>Nutrient Removal: Elimination of excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus</li>
<li>Removal of Heavy Metals: Use of chemical precipitation or ion exchange</li>
<li>Removal of Organic Compounds: Advanced oxidation processes or activated carbon adsorption</li>
<li>Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds: Biological processes like nitrification and denitrification</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Primary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ Secondary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Tertiary Treatment of Sewage </span> $\rightarrow$ Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-conclusion-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Conclusion </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li>Microbes play a crucial role in sewage treatment</li>
<li>Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses are involved in the process</li>
<li>Sewage treatment involves primary, secondary, and tertiary stages</li>
<li>Microbes help in the breakdown of organic matter and purification of wastewater</li>
<li>Their presence in sewage treatment offers numerous advantages.</li>
</ul>
</main>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Tertiary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Conclusion </span> $\rightarrow$ Examples of Bacteria in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ Examples of Fungi in Sewage Treatment </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-examples-of-bacteria-in-sewage-treatment-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Examples of Bacteria in Sewage Treatment </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li><strong>Pseudomonas</strong>: Commonly found in aerobic treatment systems, helps break down organic matter.</li>
<li><strong>Bacillus</strong>: Known for its ability to degrade complex compounds, used in bioremediation processes.</li>
<li><strong>Micrococcus</strong>: A key player in the degradation of petroleum, common in activated sludge systems.</li>
</ul>
</main>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ Conclusion $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Examples of Bacteria in Sewage Treatment </span> $\rightarrow$ Examples of Fungi in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ Examples of Protozoa in Sewage Treatment </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-examples-of-protozoa-in-sewage-treatment-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Examples of Protozoa in Sewage Treatment </primary></h3>
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<main>
<ul>
<li><strong>Paramecium</strong>: Utilizes cilia to move and capture organic matter, common in stabilization ponds.</li>
<li><strong>Euglena</strong>: A flagellate that can perform photosynthesis, helps in oxygen production.</li>
<li><strong>Amoeba</strong>: Engulfs bacteria and organic particles, contributes to decomposition in sewage treatment.</li>
</ul>
</main>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Examples of Bacteria in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ Examples of Fungi in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Examples of Protozoa in Sewage Treatment </span> $\rightarrow$ Methods Used in Primary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ Methods Used in Secondary Treatment of Sewage </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-methods-used-in-primary-treatment-of-sewage-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Methods Used in Primary Treatment of Sewage </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li><strong>Screening</strong>: Removes large objects like plastic, cloth, and paper.</li>
<li><strong>Grit and sand removal</strong>: Settles heavy particles like sand, gravel, and grit.</li>
<li><strong>Sedimentation</strong>: Allows suspended particles to settle at the bottom of a tank.</li>
<li><strong>Sludge disposal</strong>: Proper management and disposal of the accumulated sludge.</li>
</ul>
</main>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Examples of Fungi in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ Examples of Protozoa in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Methods Used in Primary Treatment of Sewage </span> $\rightarrow$ Methods Used in Secondary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ Methods Used in Tertiary Treatment of Sewage </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-methods-used-in-secondary-treatment-of-sewage-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Methods Used in Secondary Treatment of Sewage </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li><strong>Activated Sludge Process</strong>: Effluent is mixed with activated sludge containing bacteria for organic matter degradation.</li>
<li><strong>Trickling Filters</strong>: Wastewater trickles through a bed of rocks or plastic media with attached microbial biofilm.</li>
<li><strong>Rotating Biological Contractors</strong>: Microbial growth occurs on rotating discs, breaking down organic matter.</li>
<li><strong>Waste Stabilization Ponds</strong>: Natural processes use sunlight, bacteria, algae, and protozoa to treat sewage.</li>
<li><strong>Oxidation Ditches</strong>: Promotes microbial degradation through a combination of mixing and aeration.</li>
<li><strong>Anaerobic Digestion</strong>: Organic matter undergoes degradation in the absence of oxygen, producing biogas.</li>
<li><strong>Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor</strong>: Wastewater flows upwards through a sludge blanket, where anaerobic bacteria break down organic matter.</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Examples of Protozoa in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ Methods Used in Primary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Methods Used in Secondary Treatment of Sewage </span> $\rightarrow$ Methods Used in Tertiary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-methods-used-in-tertiary-treatment-of-sewage-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Methods Used in Tertiary Treatment of Sewage </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li><strong>Filtration</strong>: Removes fine particles through sand or membrane filters.</li>
<li><strong>Disinfection</strong>: Chemicals like chlorine or UV radiation used to eliminate harmful microorganisms.</li>
<li><strong>Nutrient Removal</strong>: Techniques like biological uptake or chemical precipitation to reduce excess nutrients.</li>
<li><strong>Removal of Heavy Metals</strong>: Chemical precipitation or ion exchange processes remove heavy metals.</li>
<li><strong>Removal of Organic Compounds</strong>: Advanced oxidation processes or activated carbon adsorption.</li>
<li><strong>Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds</strong>: Biological processes like nitrification and denitrification.</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Methods Used in Primary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ Methods Used in Secondary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Methods Used in Tertiary Treatment of Sewage </span> $\rightarrow$ Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-advantages-of-microbes-in-sewage-treatment-primary-1"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment </primary></h3>
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<main>
<ul>
<li><strong>Cost-effective</strong>: Microbial treatment methods are relatively inexpensive compared to other techniques.</li>
<li><strong>Environmentally friendly</strong>: Microbes help reduce pollution and promote sustainable waste management.</li>
<li><strong>Efficient degradation of organic matter</strong>: Microbes have the ability to efficiently break down complex organic compounds, reducing the load on treatment systems.</li>
</ul>
</main>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Methods Used in Secondary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ Methods Used in Tertiary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment </span> $\rightarrow$ Conclusion $\rightarrow$ Quiz </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-conclusion-primary-1"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Conclusion </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li>Microbes play a crucial role in the sewage treatment process.</li>
<li>Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses contribute to the degradation of organic matter.</li>
<li>Sewage treatment includes primary, secondary, and tertiary stages for effective purification.</li>
<li>Examples of microbes in sewage treatment include Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Paramecium, etc.</li>
<li>Microbes offer numerous advantages, such as cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.</li>
</ul>
</main>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Methods Used in Tertiary Treatment of Sewage $\rightarrow$ Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Conclusion </span> $\rightarrow$ Quiz $\rightarrow$  </footer>