Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Human health and Disease - Cancer
Definition
:
Types of cancer
:
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Central nervous system cancers
Causes of cancer
:
Genetic factors
Environmental factors
Lifestyle factors
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Human health and Disease - Cancer
Stages of cancer
:
Stage 0
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV
Diagnosis of cancer
:
Biopsy
Imaging techniques
Blood tests
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Human health and Disease - Cancer
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Treatment options
:
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Targeted therapy
Hormone therapy
Prevention and control of cancer
:
Healthy lifestyle choices
Vaccination
Regular screening
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Human health and Disease - Cancer
Examples of common cancers
:
Breast cancer
Lung cancer
Prostate cancer
Colorectal cancer
Skin cancer
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Carcinoma:
Arises from epithelial tissues
Most common type of cancer
Examples: breast, lung, prostate, colon
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Sarcoma:
Arises from connective tissues
Less common than carcinoma
Examples: bone, muscle, fat
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Lymphoma:
Arises from lymphocytes
Can occur in lymph nodes or other lymphoid tissues
Examples: Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Leukemia:
Arises from blood-forming tissues
Characterized by increased number of abnormal white blood cells
Examples: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Central nervous system cancers:
Arise in the brain or spinal cord
Examples: glioma, medulloblastoma
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Genetic factors:
Inherited mutations can increase the risk of developing cancer
Examples: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in breast and ovarian cancer
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Environmental factors:
Exposure to carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke or asbestos
Radiation exposure, such as UV radiation from the sun
Examples: lung cancer from smoking, skin cancer from sun exposure
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Lifestyle factors:
Unhealthy diet and lack of exercise
Excessive alcohol consumption
Examples: colorectal cancer from poor diet, liver cancer from alcohol abuse
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Stage 0:
Cancer is confined to the original site
Not invasive or life-threatening
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Stage I:
Cancer has grown and invaded nearby tissues
Still localized and often curable with treatment
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Stage II:
Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes
Still considered localized but at a higher risk of spreading further
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Stage III:
Cancer has spread to nearby organs or tissues
Considered locally advanced and more difficult to treat
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Stage IV:
Cancer has spread to distant parts of the body
Considered metastatic and usually incurable
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Biopsy:
Removal of a sample of tissue for examination
Helps determine if cancer is present and its type
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Imaging techniques:
X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, ultrasound, PET scans
Used to visualize the internal structures of the body and detect tumors
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Blood tests:
Measures levels of certain substances in the blood
Can indicate the presence or progression of cancer
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Surgery:
Removal of the tumor and nearby tissues
Can be curative for early-stage cancers
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Radiation therapy:
Uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells
Can be used before surgery to shrink tumors or after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Chemotherapy:
Uses drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells
Often used when cancer has spread or is at an advanced stage
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Immunotherapy:
Uses the body’s own immune system to attack cancer cells
Examples: checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Targeted therapy:
Targets specific molecules or genes that are involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells
Examples: tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Hormone therapy:
Blocks or lowers the levels of certain hormones to stop or slow the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors
Examples: tamoxifen for breast cancer, androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Healthy lifestyle choices:
Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight
Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, low in processed meats and sugars
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Vaccination:
Vaccines are available for certain types of cancer, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to prevent cervical cancer
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Regular screening:
Regular screenings can detect cancer at an early stage when it’s most treatable
Examples: mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies for colorectal cancer
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Breast cancer:
Most common cancer in women worldwide
Risk factors include age, family history, and hormonal factors
Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Lung cancer:
Most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide
Primarily caused by smoking, but non-smokers can develop lung cancer as well
Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Prostate cancer:
Most common cancer in men worldwide
Risk factors include age, family history, and race
Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, and active surveillance
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Colorectal cancer:
Cancer of the colon or rectum
Risk factors include age, family history, and lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise
Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy
Biology In Human Welfare Human Health And Disease Cancer
Skin cancer:
Most common type of cancer worldwide
Risk factors include excessive UV radiation exposure, fair skin, and a history of sunburns
Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy