## Slide 21: Reproduction-Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants - Development Of Fruits
- After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit.
- The fruit protects the seeds and aids in their dispersal.
- Fruits can be fleshy or dry.
- Fleshy fruits are often consumed by animals, which helps in seed dispersal.
- Dry fruits can be dehiscent (splitting open to release seeds) or indehiscent (not splitting open).
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## Slide 22: Types of Fruits
- There are three main types of fruit: true fruits, accessory fruits, and aggregate fruits.
- True fruits develop from the ovary of a single flower.
- Accessory fruits develop from the ovary and other floral parts.
- Aggregate fruits develop from a single flower with multiple separate carpels.
- Examples of true fruits include mango, tomato, and grape.
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## Slide 23: True Fruits
- True fruits can be further classified into simple fruits and compound fruits.
- Simple fruits develop from a single ovary of a single flower.
- Examples of simple fruits include mango, tomato, and peach.
- Compound fruits develop from several ovaries of a single flower.
- Examples of compound fruits include pineapple, mulberry, and fig.
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## Slide 24: Accessory Fruits
- Accessory fruits develop from not only the ovary but also other floral parts.
- Examples of accessory fruits include apple, strawberry, and pear.
- In these fruits, the flesh comes from the receptacle or other floral parts.
- The ovary wall is not the main part of the fruit.
- The accessory parts enhance the attractiveness and nutritional value of the fruit.
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## Slide 25: Aggregate Fruits
- Aggregate fruits develop from a single flower with multiple separate carpels.
- Each carpel forms a small fruit, and they collectively mature into a larger fruit.
- Examples of aggregate fruits include raspberry, blackberry, and strawberry.
- The "seeds" on the surface of a strawberry are actually individual fruits.
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## Slide 26: Seed Dispersal Mechanisms
- Seed dispersal is crucial for the successful reproduction and survival of plants.
- Plants have evolved various mechanisms for seed dispersal.
- Examples of seed dispersal mechanisms include wind dispersal, water dispersal, animal dispersal (by attachment or ingestion), and explosive dispersal.
- Wind-dispersed seeds have adaptations like wings or hairs to aid in dispersal.
- Fleshy fruits are often consumed by animals, and the seeds pass through their digestive system, aiding in dispersal.
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## Slide 27: Wind Dispersal
- Wind dispersal is an effective way of dispersing lightweight seeds.
- Seeds with adaptations like wings, parachutes, or hairs are carried by air currents.
- Examples of wind-dispersed seeds include dandelions, maple samaras, and milkweed.
- These seeds are often small, lightweight, and have structures that help them catch the wind.
- Wind dispersal allows plants to colonize new areas and reduce competition with parent plants.
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## Slide 28: Water Dispersal
- Water dispersal, also known as hydrochory, occurs when seeds are carried away by water.
- Seeds adapted for water dispersal are usually buoyant and may have structures like air cavities or waterproof coats.
- Examples of water-dispersed seeds include coconuts and water lilies.
- Since water can carry seeds over long distances, water dispersal allows plants to colonize distant areas.
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## Slide 29: Animal Dispersal
- Animal dispersal occurs when seeds are carried by animals.
- Seeds can be attached to fur or feathers, or they can be ingested and passed through the digestive system.
- Examples of animal-dispersed seeds include burrs, which stick to animal fur, and berries, which are consumed by birds.
- Some fruits develop attractive colors and flavors to entice animals, ensuring their consumption and subsequent seed dispersal.
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## Slide 30: Explosive Dispersal
- Some plants have mechanisms that allow their fruits or seed pods to burst open, dispersing the seeds.
- This is known as explosive dispersal.
- Examples of plants that employ explosive dispersal include some legumes (pea family) like the touch-me-not plant and the squirting cucumber.
- These plants build up pressure inside their fruit or seed pods, which eventually bursts open, propelling the seeds away.
- Explosive dispersal ensures the dispersal of seeds over a short distance, away from the parent plant.