Biology In Human Welfare- Microbes In Human Welfare - Microbes in sewage treatment

• Introduction to Microbes in Sewage Treatment
• Importance of Sewage Treatment
• Role of Microbes in Sewage Treatment
• Microbes Involved in Sewage Treatment
• Bacteria
  • Aerobic Bacteria
  • Anaerobic Bacteria
• Fungi
• Protozoa
• Viruses
• Stages of Sewage Treatment
  • Primary Treatment
  • Secondary Treatment
  • Tertiary Treatment
• Primary Treatment of Sewage
  • Screening
  • Grit and Sand Removal
  • Sedimentation
  • Sludge Disposal
• Secondary Treatment of Sewage
  • Activated Sludge Process
  • Trickling Filters
  • Rotating Biological Contractors
  • Waste Stabilization Ponds
  • Oxidation Ditches
  • Anaerobic Digestion
  • Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor
• Tertiary Treatment of Sewage
  • Filtration
  • Disinfection
  • Nutrient Removal
  • Removal of Heavy Metals
  • Removal of Organic Compounds
  • Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds
• Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment
  • Cost-effective
  • Environmentally friendly
  • Effective degradation of organic matter
• Conclusion

11. Bacteria

• One of the major groups of microbes involved in sewage treatment
• Play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter
• Examples of bacteria involved in sewage treatment:
  • Aerobic bacteria: utilize oxygen for the breakdown of organic matter
  • Anaerobic bacteria: function in the absence of oxygen
• Aerobic bacteria commonly used in sewage treatment include:
  • Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus
• Anaerobic bacteria commonly used in sewage treatment include:
  • Methanogens, Desulfovibrio, Clostridium

12. Fungi

• Another group of microorganisms involved in sewage treatment
• Fungi assist in the degradation of complex organic compounds
• Example of fungi commonly used in sewage treatment:
  • Aspergillus, Penicillium

13. Protozoa

• Single-celled eukaryotic organisms present in sewage treatment
• Play a vital role in the removal of organic matter
• Examples of protozoa involved in sewage treatment:
  • Ciliates (Paramecium, Vorticella), Flagellates (Euglena), Amoebae (Amoeba)

14. Viruses

• Viruses are not actively involved in sewage treatment
• However, their presence in sewage can be of concern
• Proper treatment methods are implemented to ensure their removal

15. Stages of Sewage Treatment

• Sewage treatment typically involves three stages:
  1. Primary treatment
  2. Secondary treatment
  3. Tertiary treatment
• Each stage addresses different levels of purification

16. Primary Treatment of Sewage

• First stage of sewage treatment process
• Involves the removal of large solid materials
• Methods used in primary treatment:
  • Screening: Removal of large debris
  • Grit and sand removal: Sedimentation or filtration
  • Sedimentation: Settling of suspended particles
  • Sludge disposal: Removal of sludge

17. Secondary Treatment of Sewage

• Second stage of sewage treatment process
• Focuses on the removal of dissolved organic matter
• Methods used in secondary treatment:
  • Activated Sludge Process: Microorganisms break down organic matter in aeration tanks
  • Trickling Filters: Microbes attach to filter media to degrade organic matter
  • Rotating Biological Contractors: Microbes grown on rotating discs treat sewage
  • Waste Stabilization Ponds: Natural processes degrade organic matter
  • Oxidation Ditches: Biological treatment through mixing and aeration
  • Anaerobic Digestion: Microbes break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen
  • Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor: Removal of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria

18. Tertiary Treatment of Sewage

• Third stage of sewage treatment process
• Focuses on further purification to meet specific water quality standards
• Methods used in tertiary treatment:
  • Filtration: Removes fine particles through sand or membrane filters
  • Disinfection: Reduction of harmful microorganisms using chemicals or UV radiation
  • Nutrient Removal: Elimination of excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus
  • Removal of Heavy Metals: Use of chemical precipitation or ion exchange
  • Removal of Organic Compounds: Advanced oxidation processes or activated carbon adsorption
  • Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds: Biological processes like nitrification and denitrification

19. Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment

• Cost-effective method of sewage treatment
• Environmentally friendly as it reduces pollution
• Efficient degradation of organic matter by microorganisms reduces the load on treatment systems

20. Conclusion

• Microbes play a crucial role in sewage treatment
• Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses are involved in the process
• Sewage treatment involves primary, secondary, and tertiary stages
• Microbes help in the breakdown of organic matter and purification of wastewater
• Their presence in sewage treatment offers numerous advantages.

21. Examples of Bacteria in Sewage Treatment

• Pseudomonas: Commonly found in aerobic treatment systems, helps break down organic matter.
• Bacillus: Known for its ability to degrade complex compounds, used in bioremediation processes.
• Micrococcus: A key player in the degradation of petroleum, common in activated sludge systems.

22. Examples of Fungi in Sewage Treatment

• Aspergillus: Can break down various organic compounds like cellulose and lignin.
• Penicillium: Frequently used in bioremediation projects, degrades pollutants like hydrocarbons.

23. Examples of Protozoa in Sewage Treatment

• Paramecium: Utilizes cilia to move and capture organic matter, common in stabilization ponds.
• Euglena: A flagellate that can perform photosynthesis, helps in oxygen production.
• Amoeba: Engulfs bacteria and organic particles, contributes to decomposition in sewage treatment.

24. Methods Used in Primary Treatment of Sewage

• Screening: Removes large objects like plastic, cloth, and paper.
• Grit and sand removal: Settles heavy particles like sand, gravel, and grit.
• Sedimentation: Allows suspended particles to settle at the bottom of a tank.
• Sludge disposal: Proper management and disposal of the accumulated sludge.

25. Methods Used in Secondary Treatment of Sewage

• Activated Sludge Process: Effluent is mixed with activated sludge containing bacteria for organic matter degradation.
• Trickling Filters: Wastewater trickles through a bed of rocks or plastic media with attached microbial biofilm.
• Rotating Biological Contractors: Microbial growth occurs on rotating discs, breaking down organic matter.
• Waste Stabilization Ponds: Natural processes use sunlight, bacteria, algae, and protozoa to treat sewage.
• Oxidation Ditches: Promotes microbial degradation through a combination of mixing and aeration.
• Anaerobic Digestion: Organic matter undergoes degradation in the absence of oxygen, producing biogas.
• Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor: Wastewater flows upwards through a sludge blanket, where anaerobic bacteria break down organic matter.

26. Methods Used in Tertiary Treatment of Sewage

• Filtration: Removes fine particles through sand or membrane filters.
• Disinfection: Chemicals like chlorine or UV radiation used to eliminate harmful microorganisms.
• Nutrient Removal: Techniques like biological uptake or chemical precipitation to reduce excess nutrients.
• Removal of Heavy Metals: Chemical precipitation or ion exchange processes remove heavy metals.
• Removal of Organic Compounds: Advanced oxidation processes or activated carbon adsorption.
• Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds: Biological processes like nitrification and denitrification.

27. Advantages of Microbes in Sewage Treatment

• Cost-effective: Microbial treatment methods are relatively inexpensive compared to other techniques.
• Environmentally friendly: Microbes help reduce pollution and promote sustainable waste management.
• Efficient degradation of organic matter: Microbes have the ability to efficiently break down complex organic compounds, reducing the load on treatment systems.

28. Conclusion

• Microbes play a crucial role in the sewage treatment process.
• Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses contribute to the degradation of organic matter.
• Sewage treatment includes primary, secondary, and tertiary stages for effective purification.
• Examples of microbes in sewage treatment include Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Paramecium, etc.
• Microbes offer numerous advantages, such as cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.

29. Quiz

• Which microorganisms are commonly involved in sewage treatment?
• Name one example of aerobic bacteria used in sewage treatment.
• Which stage of sewage treatment focuses on the removal of dissolved organic matter?
• What is the purpose of disinfection in tertiary treatment?
• Why are microbes considered cost-effective in sewage treatment?

30. References

• Insert relevant references and resources used for the lecture here.