Ecosystem
Productivity
A constant input of solar energy is the basic requirement for any ecosystem to function and sustain
Primary production is defined as the amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis
It is expressed in terms of weight $(gm^{–2})$ or energy $(kcal$ $m^{–2})$
The rate of biomass production is called productivity
It is expressed in terms of $gm^{–2}$ $yr^{–1}$ or $(kcal$ $m^{–2})$ $yr^{–1}$ to compare the productivity of different ecosystems
It can be divided into gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP)
Gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis
A considerable amount of GPP is utilised by plants in respiration
GPP – R = NPP
Secondary productivity is defined as the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers
Primary productivity depends on the plant species inhabiting a particular area
It also depends on a variety of environmental factors, availability of nutrients and photosynthetic capacity of plants
Therefore, it varies in different types of ecosystems
The annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere is approximately 170 billion tons (dry weight) of organic matter
Of this, despite occupying about 70 per cent of the surface, the productivity of the oceans are only 55 billion tons
Rest of course, is on land
Discuss the main reason for the low productivity of ocean with your teacher