cx-ncert-theory-class12-chap09-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-en-part02

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology : Principles and Processes</B></Success></p>
<p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology</B></Primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>In this case, one antibiotic resistance gene helps in selecting the transformants, whereas the other antibiotic resistance gene gets ‘inactivated due to insertion’ of alien DNA, and helps in selection of recombinants</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Selection of recombinants due to inactivation of antibiotics is a cumbersome procedure because it requires simultaneous plating on two plates having different antibiotics</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style= "font-size:18px">Intoduction $\rarr$ Principles of Biotechnology $\rarr$ <span style="color:blue">Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology</span> $\rarr$ Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology</footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology : Principles and Processes</B></Success></p>
<p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology</B></Primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Presence of insert results into insertional inactivation of the β-galactosidase gene and the colonies do not produce any colour, these are identified as recombinant colonies</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>(iv) Vectors for cloning genes in plants and animals : You may be surprised to know that we have learnt the lesson of transferring genes into plants and animals from bacteria and viruses which have known this for ages - how to deliver genes to transform eukaryotic cells and force them to do what the bacteria or viruses want</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style= "font-size:18px">Intoduction $\rarr$ Principles of Biotechnology $\rarr$ <span style="color:blue">Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology</span> $\rarr$ Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology</footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology : Principles and Processes</B></Success></p>
<p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology</B></Primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>A better understanding of the art of delivering genes by pathogens in their eukaryotic hosts has generated knowledge to transform these tools of pathogens into useful vectors for delivering genes of interest to humans</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The tumor inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumifaciens has now been modified into a cloning vector which is no more pathogenic to the plants but is still able to use the mechanisms to deliver genes of our interest into a variety of plants</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style= "font-size:18px">Intoduction $\rarr$ Principles of Biotechnology $\rarr$ <span style="color:blue">Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology</span> $\rarr$ Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology</footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology : Principles and Processes</B></Success></p>
<p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology</B></Primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>This is done by treating them with a specific concentration of a divalent cation, such as calcium, which increases the efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium through pores in its cell wall</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Recombinant DNA can then be forced into such cells by incubating the cells with recombinant DNA on ice, followed by placing them briefly at $42^oC$ (heat shock), and then putting them back on ice</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style= "font-size:18px">Intoduction $\rarr$ Principles of Biotechnology $\rarr$ <span style="color:blue">Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology</span> $\rarr$ Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology</footer>