<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The meristem tissue is best suited for making virus-free plants because it contains undifferentiated cells that are not yet specialized, making them less likely to carry viruses.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation is the ability to rapidly propagate a large number of identical plants from a small amount of starting material in a controlled environment, ensuring genetic uniformity and disease-free stock.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of an explant in vitro are?</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The components of a medium for in vitro propagation include basal medium, plant growth regulators, gelling agent, pH adjusters, antibiotics/antifungal agents, vitamins/amino acids, carbon source, and water.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> Crystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because –</p> <p>(a) bacteria are resistant to the toxin</p> <p>(b) toxin is immature;</p> <p>(c) toxin is inactive;</p> <p>(d) bacteria encloses toxin in a special sac.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (c) toxin is inactive:</p> <p>In bacteria, the toxin is present in an inactive form, called prototoxin, which gets converted into active form when it enters the body of an insect.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Transgenic bacteria are the genetically modified bacteria that carry the gene from other sources and are used for the production of desired gene product at large scale. An example of transgenic bacteria is E.coli. In the plasmid of E.coli, the two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin are inserted. Hence, after insertion of insulin gene into bacterium, it becomes transgenic and start producing human insulin.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of production of genetically modified crops.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> <strong>Advantages of producing genetically modified crops are as:</strong></p> <p>(i) It becomes more tolerate to environmental factors.</p> <p>(ii) It enhances the yield of crop.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p>(iii) They are more resistant to plant pathogens.</p> <p>(iv) They have increased nutritional and yield.</p> <p>(v) More amount of crop can be grown in less area.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Disadvantages of producing genetically modified crops are as:</strong></p> <p>(i) They can affect the native biodiversity in an area.</p> <p>(ii) They can use genetic pollution an coiled relative of crop plant hence it is affecting our natural environment.</p> <p>(iii) They are affecting human health.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produce it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> <strong>Cry proteins:</strong> It is a toxic crystal protein encoded by cry gene which is toxic to certain insects. Cry protein is produced by a Bacteria named Bacillus thuringiensis. Human are taking advantage by incorporating cry gene in crops to form transgenic crop which are insect resistant e.g., BT cotton.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Gene therapy is technique for correction of defective gene by repairing or adding correct copy. ADA (adenosine deaminase deficiency) is a very rare genetic disorder due to deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase. The enzyme is crucial for the immune system to functions. It can be treated by gene therapy. This gene is transferred into early embryonic cells of bone marrow for permanent use.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> Digrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli ?</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> DNA cloning is a method of producing multiple identical copies of specific template DNA. It involves the use of a vector to carry the specific foreign DNA fragment into the host cell. The mechanism of cloning and transfer of gene for growth hormone into E.coli is represented below.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_03_15_daf24c689ad765cd5983g-084.jpg?height=1851&width=1177&top_left_y=243&top_left_x=474"> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> Can you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and chemistry of oil?</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Glycerols and fatty acids are main components of seed oils. Insertion of recombinant DNA carrying the gene of any inhibitor of oil synthesis will inhibit the synthesis of oil in seed. Thus recombinant seeds would not have oil. Removing of gene responsible for the synthesis of oil is another option.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> Find out from internet what is golden rice.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Golden rice is a transgenic variety of rice (Oryza sativa) containing good quantities of b-carotene (provitamin A) which is principle source of vitamin A. Since the grains of the rice are yellow in colour due to b-carotene, the rice is commonly called golden rice. It was developed at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology by Professor Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyer.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> Does our blood have proteases and nucleases?</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> No, human blood does not have protease and nucleases because blood serum contains different types of protease inhibitors.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> Consult internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharmaceutical. What is the major problem to be encountered?</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>

<p><Success style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:30px"><B>Biotechnology and its Applications</B></Success></p> <p><Primary style = "float: center; text-align: center; font-size:26px"><B>Excercises</B></Primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align: left;font-size:23px'> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Orally active protein product that is successfully manufactured is vaccines for preventions of infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, herpes, influenza, etc. Gene for antigen are isolated from bacteria and grown along with cut leaf portions of potato plant in antibiotic medium – followed by callus formation and recombinant/transgenic potato are obtained which contain those vaccines.</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style= "font-size:18px"><span style="color:blue">Excercises</span></footer>