<h3 id="successbiotechnology-and-its-application-part-1success"><Success>Biotechnology and it’s application (Part-1)</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:50%;'> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-lecture-4_6-2g8drej1muk-1.jpg"></p> </div>

<h3 id="successtransgenic-animalssuccess"><Success>Transgenic animals</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <p><strong>Transgenic animals</strong></p> <p>One whose genome has been altered in a heritable manner by introduction of a foreign DNA sequence into genome of its zygote or embryo</p> <p><strong>Transgene</strong> The DNA that is introduced<br> <strong>Transgenesis</strong> The Overall process of preparing transgenic animals</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-lecture-4_6-2g8drej1muk-2.jpg"></p> </div>

<h3 id="successtransgenesissuccess"><Success>Transgenesis</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:0%;'> </div> <div style='float: right; width:100%'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/270a46bf-796c-4e8e-71f6-6e1e33681e00/public" style='widht:70%'> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successtransgenesissuccess-1"><Success>Transgenesis</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <p>Step 1 - Construction of a transgene</p> <p>Step 2 - Introduction of transgene into the animal</p> <p>Step 3 - Screening of transgenic animal</p> <p>Step 4 - Production of transgenic animal</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-lecture-4_6-2g8drej1muk-4.jpg"></p> </div>

<h3 id="successtransgenesis-success"><Success>Transgenesis </Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:50%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <p><strong>Step 1 Construction of a transgene</strong></p> <p><strong>Gene to be expressed</strong> Isolate from genomic DNA by PCR</p> <p><strong>Vector DNA</strong> expression vector promoter & termination sequence</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/8ff53cf7-33f2-483a-1bbd-33accd97f400/public" style='widht:100%'> <!----> </div>

<h4 id="successtransgenesis-step-2br-introduction-of-transgene-into-the-animalsuccess"><Success>Transgenesis step 2<br> Introduction of transgene into the animal</Success></h4> <div style='float: left; width:100%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <ol> <li> <p>Retroviral vector method</p> </li> <li> <p>DNA microinjection method</p> </li> <li> <p>Embryonic stem cell-mediated site-directed mutagenesis</p> </li> </ol> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-lecture-4_6-2g8drej1muk-6.jpg"></p> </div>

<h3 id="successtransgenesissuccess-2"><Success>Transgenesis</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:0%;'> </div> <div style='float: right; width:100%'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b59c95f5-3669-427d-6add-dc2c7eeb8a00/public" style='widht:70%'> <!----> </div>

<h4 id="successtransgenesis-step-3br-screening-for-transgenic-animalssuccess"><Success>Transgenesis step 3<br> Screening for transgenic animals</Success></h4> <div style='float: left; width:50%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <p>Transgenic progenies are screened by PCR to examine the site of incorporation of the gene</p> <p>Vector DNA - Promoter - Gene - Termination sequence - Vector DNA</p> <p><strong>Step 4: Animal breeding is done to obtain maximal expression</strong></p> <p>Heterozygous offsprings are mated to form homozygous strains</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/c1b2bbce-d4c0-4d6b-c067-85ec0c875000/public" style='widht:100%'> <!----> <!--</div>-->

<h3 id="successfew-examples-of-transgenic-animalssuccess"><Success>Few examples of transgenic animals</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:50%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <p><strong>Super fish</strong> edible fishes, increased growth and size, growth hormone gene</p> <p><strong>Example</strong> transgenic salmon grows about 10-11 times faster than normal fish</p> <p><strong>Glow fish</strong> ornamental fishes, fluorescent color pattern, fluorescent protein gene</p> <p><strong>Example</strong> several Varieties</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/66b56edc-d036-46b6-858d-be2873a91000/public" style='widht:100%'> <!----> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successfew-examples-of-transgenic-animalssuccess-1"><Success>Few examples of transgenic animals</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <p><strong>Zebra fish</strong> optically clear shell, Study & cure of several, disease models</p> <p><strong>Grass carp</strong> production of human lactoferrin</p> </div>

<h3 id="successfew-examples-of-transgenic-animalssuccess-2"><Success>Few examples of transgenic animals</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:50%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <p><strong>Enviro pig</strong> Better digestion against phytate Phytase gene from <em>E. Coli</em> Also useful for organ transplant</p> <p><strong>Transgenic cow</strong> nutrition values, human lactoferrin gene other transgenic cows gives milk with lysozyme, lactoalbumin, clotting factors VIII & IX etc</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/558f98b2-9b6d-4ec8-59f8-137d0c40b000/public" style='width:70%'> <!----> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successfew-examples-of-transgenic-animalssuccess-3"><Success>Few examples of transgenic animals</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <p><strong>Transgenic cow</strong></p> <ul> <li>1990 - first transgenic bull “Herman”</li> <li>Cow milk lacks lactoferrin</li> <li>Human lactoferrin gene</li> <li>Produced by pro-nuclear microinjection</li> </ul> </div>

<h3 id="successfew-examples-of-transgenic-animalssuccess-4"><Success>Few examples of transgenic animals</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:50%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <p><strong>Transgenic Rabbit</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>1985-1 Transgenic rabbit</p> </li> <li> <p>Produced by pronuclear microinjection carrying the transgene Any human protein</p> </li> <li> <p>Model for CVD, AIDS and cancer human erythropoietin, aglucosidase and human AAT</p> </li> <li> <p>Large scale production and cost effective</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/5388b839-18fd-4513-b248-565e0bd91600/public" style='width:60%'> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successfew-examples-of-transgenic-animalssuccess-5"><Success>Few examples of transgenic animals</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:50%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <p><strong>Transgenic Chicken</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>Produced by infecting embryos with viral vector carrying the transgene</p> </li> <li> <p>Any human protein</p> </li> <li> <p>Nutrition values, 0.1g human protein in each egg human proteins with correct sugars to glycosylated proteins</p> </li> <li> <p>Cost effective</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/5388b839-18fd-4513-b248-565e0bd91600/public" style='width:60%'> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successfew-examples-of-transgenic-animalssuccess-6"><Success>Few examples of transgenic animals</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:50%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <p><strong>“Supermouse” 1982</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>Better digestion against phytate. Human growth hormone gene</p> </li> <li> <p>Big in size</p> </li> <li> <p>Mouse model for different diseases</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/c4058228-507e-4cf4-139c-2b98a918c000/public" style='width:50%'> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successfew-examples-of-transgenic-animalssuccess-7"><Success>Few examples of transgenic animals</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:50%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <p><strong>Transgenic Monkey</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>1990 - First transgenic monkey “Andi”</p> </li> <li> <p>Green fluorescent protein from jelly fish</p> </li> <li> <p>Produced by pro-nuclear microinjection</p> </li> <li> <p>Disease model for cancer, aids and alzheimer’s disease</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/c4058228-507e-4cf4-139c-2b98a918c000/public" style='width:50%'> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successapplications-of-transgenic-animalssuccess"><Success>Applications of transgenic animals</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> <ul> <li> <p>Understanding disease mechanism</p> </li> <li> <p>Normal physiology</p> </li> <li> <p>Biological products</p> </li> <li> <p>Vaccine safety</p> </li> <li> <p>Toxicity testing</p> </li> <li> <p>Transgenic animals</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Over-expression</strong> Expression of gene into suitable, useful for organ transplant</p> <p><strong>Knock Out</strong> Removal of gene expressing functional gene, useful for understanding role of the gene</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-lecture-4_6-2g8drej1muk-13.jpg"></p> </div>

<h3 id="successthank-you-success"><Success>Thank you </Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-lecture-4_6-2g8drej1muk-13.jpg"></p> </div>