biology-class-12-unit-06-chapter-08-genetics-and-evolution-molecular-basis-of-inheritance-l-8-12-vrzqurqpgyg

<h3 id="successanswersuccess-1"><Success>Answer</Success></h3>
<div style='float: left; width:99%;font-size:30px; text-align:left;'>
<p><strong>Question -</strong> What do you mean by processing and splicing?</p>
<p><strong>Answer -</strong> Removal of introns and addition of exons together to form a mature mRNA is called processing and splicing</p>
<p><strong>Question -</strong> Which is the first nucleotide being added during transcription?</p>
<p>A. rNTPs<br>
B. rNDPs<br>
C. rNMPs<br>
D. Any of these three</p>
<p><strong>Answer -</strong> rNMP</p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'> 
<p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-06-chapter-08-genetics-and-evolution-molecular-basis-of-inheritance-l-8_12-vrzqurqpgyg-02.jpg">
<img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-06-chapter-08-genetics-and-evolution-molecular-basis-of-inheritance-l-8_12-vrzqurqpgyg-03.jpg"></p>
</div>

<h3 id="successanswersuccess-2"><Success>Answer</Success></h3>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px; text-align:left;'>
<p><strong>Question -</strong> What are the substrates for transcription?</p>
<p><strong>Answer -</strong> rNTP (Ribo Nucleoside Tri Phosphate)</p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'> 
<img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/2f87bafe-7bb3-4451-4265-044ea2085400/public" style='width:100%'>



</div>

<h3 id="successhow-many-nucleotides-are-necessary-to-specify-a-single-amino-acidsuccess"><Success>How many nucleotides are necessary to specify a single amino acid</Success></h3>
<div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left;'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Four type of Nucleotide (rNTP)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>rATP</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ruTP</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>rcTP</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>rGTP</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>1 Nucleotide $\rarr$ 1 Amino acid</p>
<p>4 Nucleotide $\rarr$ 4 Amino acid</p>
<p>(Two Nucleotide) 16 - Base sequences $\rarr$ 16 Amino acid</p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-06-chapter-08-genetics-and-evolution-molecular-basis-of-inheritance-l-8_12-vrzqurqpgyg-117-1344.0.jpg">
<img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-06-chapter-08-genetics-and-evolution-molecular-basis-of-inheritance-l-8_12-vrzqurqpgyg-10.jpg"></p>
</div>

<h3 id="successcharacteristics-of-genetic-codesuccess-1"><Success>Characteristics of genetic code</Success></h3>
<div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left;'>
<ol start="6">
<li>The reading frame is set by an initiation codon, which is usually AUG</li>
<li>Three codons are Stop codons:UAG (Amber), UAA (Ochre) and UGA (Opal)</li>
<li>Always read in 5’-3'</li>
<li>The code is almost universal</li>
<li>Wobble occurs in the anticodon</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-06-chapter-08-genetics-and-evolution-molecular-basis-of-inheritance-l-8_12-vrzqurqpgyg-14.jpg"></p>

</div>

<h3 id="successparing-in-codonsuccess"><Success>Paring in codon</Success></h3>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;'>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%; margin-right:270px;'>
<img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/91c3ebe8-1819-44e7-0ec0-0750e73d7e00/public" style='width:100%'>



</div>

<h3 id="successstructure-of-trnasuccess"><Success>Structure of tRNA</Success></h3>
<div style='float: left; width:99%;font-size:30px; text-align:left;'>
<ul>
<li>75 to 90 nucleotides long</li>
<li>Have cloverleaf structure</li>
<li>Having four base paired stem separated by four loops:I,II,III & IV</li>
</ul>
<p>Loop I: TΨC Loop</p>
<p>Loop II: Anticodon Loop</p>
<p>Loop III: Variable Loop</p>
<p>Loop IV: DHU Loop</p>
<p>Stem: Amino Acid binding site</p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-06-chapter-08-genetics-and-evolution-molecular-basis-of-inheritance-l-8_12-vrzqurqpgyg-223-2443.2.jpg">
<img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-06-chapter-08-genetics-and-evolution-molecular-basis-of-inheritance-l-8_12-vrzqurqpgyg-17.jpg"></p>
</div>

<h3 id="successcharging-of-trnasuccess"><Success>Charging of tRNA</Success></h3>
<div style='float: left; width:40%; font-size:30px; text-align:left;'>
<ul>
<li>Addition of amino acid to tRNA</li>
<li>Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase Enzyme involve</li>
<li>Process is called aminoacylation.</li>
<li>Aminoacylation uses energy from ATP hydrolysis.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:60%;'>
<img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/5742088a-fe37-4ddd-65ea-9722c439ee00/public" style='width:100%'>


</div>

<h3 id="successstepssuccess"><Success>Steps</Success></h3>
<div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left;'>
<ul>
<li>Amino acid correspond to anticodon and ATP binds at the specific aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzyme</li>
<li>ATP hydrolysed to AMP, which joins the amino acid as AMP to form aminoacyl AMP</li>
<li>tRNA binds to enzyme</li>
<li>Transfer of amino acid to tRNA</li>
<li>Displacing of AMP</li>
<li>Release of aminoacyl tRNA</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-06-chapter-08-genetics-and-evolution-molecular-basis-of-inheritance-l-8_12-vrzqurqpgyg-241-2810.4.jpg">
<img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-06-chapter-08-genetics-and-evolution-molecular-basis-of-inheritance-l-8_12-vrzqurqpgyg-19.jpg"></p>
</div>