<div> <h3 id="successgenetics-and-evolutionsuccess"><Success>Genetics and evolution</Success></h3> <h4 id="successpriciples-of-inheritance-and-variables-2success"><Success>Priciples of inheritance and variables-2</Success></h4> </div> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> </div>

<h3 id="successmonohybrid-crosssuccess"><Success>Monohybrid cross</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> Is there any need for emasculation in pea plant that is considered as male parent? If not why?</p> <p><strong>Answer.</strong> - There is no need for emasculation in pea plant that is considered as male parent</p> <ul> <li>It is because emasculation is done to convert a bisexual flower into a female flower only</li> </ul> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>--> <!---->

<h3 id="successmonohybrid-crosssuccess-1"><Success>Monohybrid cross</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:0%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> </div> </div> <div style='float: center; width:100%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/7148a5cb-b1cb-4fc6-e6a9-56aed5781200/public" width="50%"> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successmonohybrid-crosssuccess-2"><Success>Monohybrid cross</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:0%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> </div> <div style='float: Center; width:100%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/db636890-6b30-4b0d-b25b-1f1d57cc8200/public" width="70%"> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successphenotypic-and-genotypic-ratiosuccess"><Success>Phenotypic and genotypic ratio</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <ul> <li>Phenotypic ratio - 3:1</li> <li>Genotypic ratio - 1:2:1</li> <li>Test cross - Crossing of an F1 hybrid or an individual back to its recessive parent</li> <li>It is to find out the genotype of the unknown individual</li> <li>Phenotypic and genotypic ratio remains the same - 1:1</li> </ul> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>--> <!-- -->

<h3 id="successtest-crosssuccess"><Success>Test cross</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:0%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> </div> <div style='float: right; width:100%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/4becd1c6-c02b-4089-45cf-44f6475e5700/public" width="100%"> <!--<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/0a1fa891-25d3-4fef-1380-5740bbc0c900/public" width="100%">--> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successback-crosssuccess"><Success>Back cross</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> </div> <div style='float: center; width:100%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/9e5323e4-199d-4839-9974-256f9c140300/public" width="80%"> <!----> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successreasons-for-mendels-successsuccess"><Success>Reasons for Mendel’s success</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <ul> <li>Selection of garden pea as experimental material</li> <li>Selection of true breeding plants</li> <li>He studied the inheritance of a single character at a time</li> <li>He kept the accurate record of his breeding experiments</li> <li>Analyzed the result in a statistical methods and law of probability</li> </ul> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>--> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successreciprocal-crosssuccess"><Success>Reciprocal cross</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <ul> <li>Cross in which the sex of the parents are reversed from the original cross.</li> <li>Example - dwarf male X tall female</li> <li>Result and ratios remain the same</li> </ul> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>--> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successmendelian-lawssuccess"><Success>Mendelian laws</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <ul> <li>Law of Unit Characters - It states that each hereditary character is controlled by a pair of factors</li> <li>Example - purple flower colour - PP, Pp</li> </ul> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>--> <!----> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successlaw-of-dominancesuccess"><Success>Law of dominance</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <ul> <li>It states that in a dissimilar pair of factors present in a hybrid individual, one member of the pair expresses the character and the other one gets suppressed</li> <li>Expressed one is called dominant and suppressed one is called recessive</li> <li>Example - Pp - Pallele produces purple character</li> </ul> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>--> <!----> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successlaw-of-independent-assortmentsuccess"><Success>Law of independent assortment</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <ul> <li>It states that when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair of character is independent from the segregation of the other pair of characters</li> <li>Segregated alleles assort at random, producing four different types of gametes</li> </ul> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:30%;'>--> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successreview-questionssuccess"><Success>Review questions</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <p><strong>Question1.</strong> Mendel crossed a true breeding purple flowered pea plant with a white flowered one. What will be the nature of F1 progenies? When the F1 progenies are self pollinated, what will be the phenotype and genotype among the F2 progenies?</p> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>--> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successmonohybrid-crosssuccess-3"><Success>Monohybrid cross</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:0%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> </div> <div style='float: center; width:100%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/e53b03dc-b3bc-44a5-675d-74ed850ed700/public" width="40%"> <!--<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b2b4d4d8-8084-4187-9ecd-ba1ddc80ef00/public" height="70%">--> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successmonohybrid-crosssuccess-4"><Success>Monohybrid cross</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> </div> <div style='float: center; width:100%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/bc53733f-c37b-49e1-80f0-6f4aa2906a00/public" height="70%"> <!----> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successncert-questionssuccess"><Success>NCERT Questions</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <p><strong>Question 2.</strong> Using a Punnett’s square, work out the distribution of phenotypic features in the first filial generation after a cross between a homozygous female and a heterozygous male for a single locus</p> <p><strong>Answer-</strong> since it is mentioned that heterozygous for a single locus, it is a monohybrid cross. We can consider the cross tall X dwarf.The cross is shown as below</p> </div>

<h3 id="successncert-questionssuccess-1"><Success>NCERT Questions</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <p><strong>Question 3.</strong> A diploid organism is heterozygous for 4 loci, how many types of gametes can be formed?</p> <p><strong>Answer.</strong> Heterozygous for one locus, it produces two types of gametes . It can be calculated by using the formula 2 n</p> <p>Here n denotes number of loci or number of contrasting characters. Since it is 4 loci, it is 24 = 2x2x2x2 = 16 types of gametes</p> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>--> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successthink-it-oversuccess"><Success>Think it over</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> <p><strong>Question.</strong> A pea plant producing axial flower is crossed with another pea plant producing terminal flower. Among the progenies, 45 plants are producing axial flower, whereas 48 plants are producing terminal flower</p> <p><strong>Question.</strong> What is the type of inheritance noticed here?</p> <p><strong>Question.</strong> Write the genotype of the parents and work out in a Punnett’s Square</p> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>--> <!----> </div>

<h3 id="successthank-yousuccess"><Success>Thank you</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left;'> </div>