<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>Lymphocytes are of two types i.e., T-lymphocytes or T-cells and B-lymphocytes or B-cells.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Both type of lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system are produced in the bone marrow.</p> <ul> <li>$B$ and $T$-cells are different from each other in the following aspects</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">B-lymphocytes (B-cell)</th> <th style="text-align:left">T-lymphocytes (T-cell)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">They mature in bone marrow.</td> <td style="text-align:left">They mature in thymus gland.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">They produce antibody</td> <td style="text-align:left">They directly attack the antigen or attach B-cells to produce antibody.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">They do not respond to organ transplantation.</td> <td style="text-align:left">They respond to organ transplantation.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Given below are the pairs of pathogens and the diseases caused by them.</p> <ul> <li>Which out of these is not a matching pair and why?</li> </ul> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">(a)</th> <th style="text-align:left">Virus</th> <th style="text-align:left">Common cold</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(b)</td> <td style="text-align:left">Salmonella</td> <td style="text-align:left">Typhoid</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(c)</td> <td style="text-align:left">Microsporium</td> <td style="text-align:left">Filariasis</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(d)</td> <td style="text-align:left">Plasmodium</td> <td style="text-align:left">Malaria</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (c) Wuchereria species bancrofti and W malayi), the filarial worms cause a slowly developing chronic inflammation of the organs in which they live for many years, usually the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs and the disease is called elephantiasis or filariasis.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Fungi belonging to the genera Microsporium, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton are responsible for ringworms which is one of the most common infectious diseases in man.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What would happen to immune system, if thymus gland is removed from the body of a person?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>Thymus is the primary lymphoid organ.</li> <li>In thymus gland, immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> If thymus gland is removed from the body of a person, his immune system will become weak.</p> <ul> <li>As a result the person’s body becomes prone to infectious diseases.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Many microbial pathogens enter the gut of humans along with food.</p> <ul> <li>What are the preventive barriers to protect the body from such pathogens? What type of immunity do you observe in this case?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Many microbial pathogens enter the gut of humans along with food.</p> <ul> <li>The preventive barriers to protect the body from such pathogens are as follows</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-11"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(i) the mucus coating of the epithelium lining of the gut helps in trapping microbes entering the body.</p> <p>(ii) saliva in the mouth and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice secreted by stomach prevent microbial growth.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-12"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>This type of immunity is innate immunity.</li> <li>It is present from birth and is inherited from parents.</li> <li>The innate immunity remains throughout life.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-13"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why is mother’s milk considered the most appropriate food for a new born infant?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-14"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>Colostrum is the first yellowish milk secreted during initial days of lactation.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-15"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Colostrum contains several antibodies (especially $\lg A$ ) which are absolutely essential for developing resistance for the new-born babies.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-16"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What are interferons? How do interferons check infection of new cells?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> In response to viral infections our body produces glycoproteins called interferons.</p> <ul> <li>Such type of barriers of innate immunity is called cytokine barrier.</li> <li>Interferons protect the non-infected cells from further viral infection.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-18"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> In the figure, structure of an antibody molecule is shown.</p> <ul> <li>Name the parts $A, B$ and $C$.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-19"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-148.jpg?height=517&width=591&top_left_y=425&top_left_x=547"></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-20"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong></p> <p>(A) Antigen binding site Antigen binding site</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-21"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-148.jpg?height=588&width=974&top_left_y=995&top_left_x=350"></p> <p><strong>Structure of an antibody molecule</strong></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-22"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> If a regular dose of drug or alcohol is not provided to an addicted person, he shows some withdrawal symptoms.</p> <ul> <li>List any four such withdrawal symptoms.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-23"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The withdrawal symptoms are (i) anxiety (ii) shakiness (iii) nausea (iv) sweating</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-24"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why is it that during changing weather, one is advised to avoid closed, crowded and air conditioned places like cinema halls etc?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-25"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> During changing weather one is advised to avoid crowded places, because changing seasons are the time when infectious agents are more prevalent as moist condition favoures pathogen to grow fast and people are more vulnerable as their body system is busy in adapting the changing environmental conditions of temperature humidity, etc and they get infected to there pathogen easily.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-26"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The harmful allele of sickle-cell anaemia has not been eliminated from human population.</p> <ul> <li>Such afflicted people derive some other benefit.</li> <li>Discuss.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-27"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Sickle-cell anaemia still persists in the population despite being harmful because this mutation can also be beneficial in certain conditions.</p> <ul> <li>The mutant $\mathrm{Hb}^{5}$ type haemoglobin is found at high frequencies (up to $20 \%$ and above) in the tropical Africa.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-28"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>It is known that heterozygotes $\left(\mathrm{Hb}^{\mathrm{S}} / \mathrm{Hb}^{\mathrm{A}}\right)$, having both types of haemoglobin show resistance to malarial infection because the body targets the Plasmodium falciparum infected cell for destruction.</li> <li>In contrast, individuals homozygous for normal haemoglobin $\left(\mathrm{Hb}^{\mathrm{A}} \mathrm{H} \mathrm{b}^{\mathrm{A}}\right)$ suffer high mortality rates in early childhood due to malarial infection.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-29"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Thus, the allele for sickle cells has been maintained because heterozygotes have a higher reproductive success than either of the two possible homozygotes.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-30"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs.</p> <ul> <li>Explain the role of lymph nodes in our immune response.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-31"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> <strong>Lymphoid Organs</strong> immune system of human beings consists of lymphoid organs.</p> <ul> <li>The organs whereas callid the maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes occurs are called lymphoid organs.</li> <li>Lymphoid organs are of two types.</li> <li>These are</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-32"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-149.jpg?height=374&width=1103&top_left_y=1146&top_left_x=291"></p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-33"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Lymph nodes are small solid structures present at different points along the lymphatic system.</li> <li>They trap the microorganisms or other antigens that enter the lymph and tissue fluid.</li> <li>Antigens trapped in the lymph nodes activate the lymphocytes and produce an immune response.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-34"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why is an antibody molecule represented as $H_{2} L_{2}$ ?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-35"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Each antibody molecule has four peptide chains, two small called light chains (represented by $\mathrm{L}$ ) and two longer called heavy chains (represented by $\mathrm{H}$ ).</p> <ul> <li>Hence, an antibody is represented as $H_{2} L_{2}$.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-36"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What does the term ‘memory’ of the immune system mean?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-37"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> When the body encounters a pathogen for the first time, it mounts an immune response by generating antibodies.</p> <ul> <li>This response is of low intensity.</li> <li>Subsequent encounter with the same pathogen elicits a highly intensified secondary response.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-38"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>This is ascribed to the fact that our body appears to have memory of the first encounter.</li> <li>This type of secondary immune response is elicited by memory T-cells, B-cell which keep ready to mount a rapid and vigorous attack as soon as the same pathagen infects the body again.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-39"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> If a patient is advised anti restroviral therapy, which infection is he suffering from? Name the causative organism.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-40"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The patient is suffering from AIDS.</p> <ul> <li>The causative agent is HIV virus, a member of ‘retrovirus group’.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Active Immunity</th> <th style="text-align:left">Passive Immunity</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">It is developed due to contact with pathogen or its antigen.</td> <td style="text-align:left">It is developed when ready-made antibodies are injected into the body.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">It has no side effects.</td> <td style="text-align:left">It may cause a reaction.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Active Immunity</th> <th style="text-align:left">Passive Immunity</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">It is slow but long lasting.</td> <td style="text-align:left">It is fast but lasts only for few days.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">It takes time to develop its response.</td> <td style="text-align:left">It is used when the immune response has to be faster.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">e.g., vaccination for polio, etc</td> <td style="text-align:left">e.g., administration of tetanus antitoxins, etc.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Differentiate between bening tumour and malignant tumour.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Differentiate between bening tumour and malignant immunity</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Benign Tumour</th> <th style="text-align:left">Malignant Tumour</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">It is a non-cancerous tumour.</td> <td style="text-align:left">It is a cancerous tumour.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Benign tumour does not show metastasis and is non-invasive.</td> <td style="text-align:left">It shows metastasis and thus invades other body parts.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">It stops growth after reaching a certain size.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Malignant tumour shows indefinite growth.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Benign Tumour</th> <th style="text-align:left">Malignant Tumour</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Limited adherence occurs amongst cells of benign tumour.</td> <td style="text-align:left">There is no adherence amongst cells. They tend to slip past one another.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">It is less fatal to the body.</td> <td style="text-align:left">It is more fatal to the body</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Human Health and Diseases</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Do you consider passive smoking is more dangerous than active smoking? Why?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>