Chapter 7: Evolution

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Evolution</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-9"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<font size ="6">
<p><strong>Sol.</strong> These are examples of artificial selection</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>‘Artificial selection’ is a process in which the breeder choose to perpetuate only those forms that have certain desirable inheritable characteristics.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The other three options are incorrect as mutation is a sudden change in DNA sequence due to mutagenic agents such as chemicals and radiations.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Evolution</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-13"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<font size ="6">
<p><strong>Sol.</strong> Palaeontological evidences for evolution refer to the evidences from fossils.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms from the distant past.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The study of fossils is called Palaeontology.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The other options are not correct because the development patterns of embryo refer to embryological evidences for evolution.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Homologous and analogous organs provide evidences for comparative anatomy and morphology.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Evolution</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-26"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<p><strong>Sol.</strong> Appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an example of pre-existing variation in the population.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>When a bacterial population encounters a particular antibiotic, those sensitive to it die.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>But some bacteria having mutations become resistant to the antibiotic.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Soon, the resistance providing genes become widespread and the entire population becomes resistant.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Evolution</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-30"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<p><strong>Sol.</strong> Evolution of life shows that life forms had a trend of moving from water to land.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The early vertebrates were fishes (which lived in only water).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Some fishes gradually changed into amphibians (can live both on land and in water).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Certain amphibians then transformed into the reptiles (live on land) some of the latter finally evolved into birds (can fly) and than mammals.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Thus, showing life forms moved from water to land.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Evolution</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-39"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<p><strong>Sol.</strong> The expected frequency of MN blood group bearings organisms is likely to be $42    \%$.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>According to Hardy-Weinberg equation, $p^{2}+2 p q+q^{2}=1$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>where, $\quad p=$ Frequency of $\mathrm{M}$ alleles,</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$p^{2}=$ Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$q=$ frequency of $\mathrm{N}$ alleles</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$q^{2}=$ Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$2 P q=$ Frequency of heterozygous individuals</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Evolution</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-44"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<font size ="6">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The other options are incorrect because in <strong>stabilising selection</strong>, average sized individuals are favoured.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>e.g., weight of new-born babies and in <strong>disruptive selection</strong> both extremes are favoured, while intermediate varieties are eleminated, e.g., black bellied seed cracker, Pyrenestes ostrinus.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>In artificial selection, the individuals with desirable characteristics are deliberately selected to produce a progeny with all those characteristics.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Evolution</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-45"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<font size ="6">
<p><strong>Ques.</strong> The most accepted line of descent in human evolution is</p>
<p class="fragment">(a) Australopithecus $\rightarrow$ Ramapithecus $\rightarrow$ Homo sapiens $\rightarrow$ Homo habilis <br>
(b) Homo erectus $\rightarrow$ Homo habilis $\rightarrow$ Homo sapiens <br>
(c) Ramapithecus $\rightarrow$ Homo habilis $\rightarrow$ Homo sapiens <br>
(d) Australopithecus $\rightarrow$ Ramapithecus $\rightarrow$ Homo erectus $\rightarrow$ Homo habilis $\rightarrow$ Homo sapiens </p>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Evolution</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-48"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">Human Evolution</th>
<th style="text-align:center">Characteristics</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Ramapithecus</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Survived about 14-15 mya, walked erect on its hind legs, arise froom Dryopithecus.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Australopithecus</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Lived from 4-1-5 mya in caves, had omnivorous diet. Fully bipedal hominid</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>