Chapter 6 Part 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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<Success><font size="5"><b>Molecular Basis of Inheritance</b></font></Success>
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<p><strong>In case</strong> (i)</p>
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<p>Radioactive ${ }^{35} \mathrm{~S}$ and + Bacteriophage ${ }^{32} \mathrm{P}$ labelled protein capsule $\rightarrow$ No radioactive</p>
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<p>${ }^{35} \mathrm{~S}$ and ${ }^{32} \mathrm{P}$ Detected in cells + Radioactivity $\left({ }^{35} \mathrm{~S}\right.$ and $\left.{ }^{32} \mathrm{P}\right)$ detected in supernatant</p>
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<p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p>
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Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span>
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Molecular Basis of Inheritance</b></font></Success>
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<p>The ribosome slides over mRNA from codon to codon in the $5^{\prime} \rightarrow 3^{\prime}$ direction.</p>
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<p>According to the sequence of codon, amino acids are attached to one another by peptide bonds and a polypeptide chain is formed.</p>
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<p>(iii) <strong>Termination</strong> When the A-site of ribosome reaches a termination codon which does not code for any amino acid, no charged $t$ RNA binds to the A-site.</p>
<p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p>
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Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span>
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Molecular Basis of Inheritance</b></font></Success>
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<p>(iv) <strong>Regulator gene</strong> The gene that codes for the repressor protein that binds to the operator and suppresses its activity as a result of which transcription will be switched off.</p>
<p>(v) <strong>Inducer</strong> The substrate that prevents the repressor from binding to the operator, is called an inducer.</p>
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<li>As a result transcription is switched on.</li>
<li>It is a chemical of diverse nature like metabolite, hormone substrate, etc.</li>
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Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span>
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Molecular Basis of Inheritance</b></font></Success>
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<p><strong>Lac operon</strong></p>
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<p>Gene $z$ codes for $\beta$-galactosidase ( $\beta$-gal) enzyme which breaks lactose into galactose and glucose.</p>
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<p>Gene $y$ codes for permease, which increases the permeability of the cell to lactose.</p>
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<p>Gene a codes for enzyme transacetylase, which catalyses the transacetylation of lactose in its active form.</p>
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<p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p>
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Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span>
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Molecular Basis of Inheritance</b></font></Success>
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<p>There DNA fragments are cloned in suitable host using suitable vectors.</p>
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<p>When bacteria is used as vector, they are called Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC) and when yeast is used as vector, they are called Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs).</p>
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<p><strong>Frederick Sanger</strong> developed a principle according to which the fragments of DNA are sequenced by automated DNA sequences.</p>
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<p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p>
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Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span>
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Molecular Basis of Inheritance</b></font></Success>
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<p>On the basis of overlapping regions on DNA fragments, these sequences are arranged accordingly.</p>
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<p>For alignment of these sequences, specialised computer-based programmes were developed.</p>
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<p>Finally, the genetic and physical maps of the genome were constructed by collecting information about certain repetitive DNA sequences and DNA polymorphism, based on endonuclease recognition sites.</p>
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Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span>
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