Chapter 5: Principle of Inheritance and Variations

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<Success><font size="5"><b>Principle of Inheritance and Variations</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-8"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
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<p><strong>Sol.</strong> Aneuploidy involves changes in chromosome number by additions or deletions of less than a whole set.</p>
<ul>
<li>In this case organism gains or loses one or more chromosomes but not a complete set.</li>
<li>Polyploidy is defined as the addition of entire set of chromosome.</li>
<li>The polyploidy can be triploidy (3n), tetraploidy (4n), pentaploidy (5n), etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
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<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Principle of Inheritance and Variations</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-20"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
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<p>For X-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the $\mathrm{X}$-chromosome can transmit either the $\mathrm{X}$-chromosome with this mutation or a normal X-chromosome to her children.</p>
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<p>Autosomal dominant inheritance refers to the pattern of inheritance of a condition directly or indirectly due to a dominant faulty gene located on autosome.</p>
</li>
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<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
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<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Principle of Inheritance and Variations</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-24"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
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<p><strong>Sol.</strong> Sickle-cell anaemia is an autosome linked recessive trait.</p>
<ul>
<li>This disease is controlled by a single pair of allele $\mathrm{Hb}^{A}$ and $\mathrm{Hb}^{s}$ only the homozygous individuals for $\mathrm{Hb}^{s}$, i.e., $\mathrm{Hb}^{s} \mathrm{Hb}^{s}$ shows the diseased phenotype.</li>
<li>The heterozygous individuals are carriers $\left(\mathrm{Hb}^{A} \mathrm{Hb}^{S}\right)$.</li>
</ul>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
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<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Principle of Inheritance and Variations</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-35"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
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<p><strong>Sol.</strong> In ZZ/ZW case, the female has heteromorphic (ZW) sex chromosomes and the male has homomorphic (ZZ) sex chromosomes.</p>
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<li>
<p>Thus, peacock shows ZZ/ZW sex determination type.</p>
</li>
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<p>In platypus the sex determination is of $X X-X Y$ type.</p>
</li>
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<p>Both male and females has ten sex chromosome each.</p>
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<p>The male has $X Y, X Y, X Y, X Y, X Y$ and female has $X X, X X, X X, X X, X X$.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
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<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Principle of Inheritance and Variations</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-40"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
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<p><strong>Sol.</strong> Tt and Tt.</p>
<ul>
<li>Let’s use Mendel’s cross of tall and dwarf pea plants as an example.</li>
<li>The $\mathrm{F}_{1}$ plants of genotype $\mathrm{Tt}$ are self-pollinated.</li>
<li>(both tall $(\mathrm{T})$ but with dwarf ( $\mathrm{t}$ ) alleles).</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-081.jpg?height=156&width=742&top_left_y=701&top_left_x=466"></p>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
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<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Principle of Inheritance and Variations</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-46"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
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<p>A cross between true breeding tall and dwarf plants of the parent generation yield phenotypically tall plants.</p>
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<p>The cross between TT and Tt is called <strong>back cross</strong>, which results into two homozygous and two heterozygous dominant gametes.</p>
</li>
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<p>The cross between $\mathrm{Tt}$ and $\mathrm{tt}$ is called <strong>test cross</strong> which results into $1: 1$ ratio of gametes.</p>
</li>
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<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

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<Success><font size="5"><b>Principle of Inheritance and Variations</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-50"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
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<p><strong>Sol.</strong> Alleles of two genes are segregating independently.</p>
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<p>It can be explained as.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Suppose crosses are made between a pea plant with round and yellow seeds and one with wrinkled and green ones.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>All $F_{1}$ hybrids give yellow and round seeds.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Since yellow colour is dominant over the green and the round shape is dominant over the wrinkled.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
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<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Principle of Inheritance and Variations</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-58"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
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<p><strong>Sol.</strong> Linkage will not result in variations among siblings.</p>
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<p>Morgan carried out several dihybrid crosses in Drosophila to study genes that were sex-linked.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Morgan came to know that the genes were located on the X-chromosome and also observed that when the two genes in a dihybrid cross were situated on the same chromosome, the proportion of parental gene combinations were much higher than the non-parental type.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
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<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>