<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Given below are the events that are observed in an artificial hybridisation programme.</p> <ul> <li>Arrange them in the correct sequential order in which they are followed in the hybridisation programme</li> </ul> <p>(a) Re-bagging</p> <p>(b) Selection of parents</p> <p>(c) Bagging (d) Dusting the pollen on stigma</p> <p>(e) Emasculation</p> <p>(f) Collection of pollen from male parent.</p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>One of the major approaches of crop improvement programme is ‘Artificial hybridisation’.</li> <li>In such crossing experiments it is important to make sure that only the desired pollen grains are used for pollination and the stigma is protected from contamination (from unwanted pollen).</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The correct sequential order of artificial hybridisatian is as following</p> <p>(a) Selection of parents.</p> <p>(b) Emasculation (removal of anthers from the flower bud before the anther dehisces).</p> <p>(c) Bagging (process to cover the emasculated flower with a bag made up of butter paper).</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(d) Collection of pollen from other male plant.</p> <p>(e) Dusting of pollen on stigma.</p> <p>(f) Re-bagging</p> <ul> <li><strong>Note</strong> If the female parent produces unisexual flowers, there is no need of emasculation.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Vivipary automatically limits the number of offsprings in a litter.</p> <ul> <li>How?</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Vivipary is defined as the seed germination, while the fruit is still attached to the mother plant.</p> <ul> <li>Plants which grow in marshy places are called <strong>Mangroves</strong>.</li> <li>In these plants when seeds fall on marshy places, they cannot germinate, because of high salinity and more water conditions.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p>So, in those plants, seeds germinate when they are still attached to the mother plant.</p> </li> <li> <p>Litter is the off spring at one birth of animal usually 3-8 in number.</p> </li> <li> <p>Vivipary automatically limits the number of offspring in litter due to the reason that limited number of egg or ovum are produced and fertilised during reproductive cycle of female.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Does self-incompatibility impose any restrictions on autogamy?</p> <ul> <li>Give reasons and suggest the method of pollination in such plants.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Self-incompatibility imposes restrictions on autogamy.</p> <ul> <li>The season far this may be as Majority of flowering plants produce hermaphrodite flowers and when pollens grains comes in contact with the stigma of the same flower to continue self-pollination.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Such type of continued self-pollination result in inbreeding depression.</li> <li>That’s why flowering plants have developed many devices to discourage self-pollination and to encourage cross-pollination.</li> <li>One of the major way to prevent self-pollination is self-sterility.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Self-sterility in some bisexual flowers, if the pollen grains fall on the stigma of the same flower, germination does not occur.</li> <li>But the same pollen grains germinate when they fall on the stigma of other flowers of the same species.</li> <li>It is a genetic mechanism to prevent self pollination.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-11"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> In the given diagram, write the names of parts shown with lines.</p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-12"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-041.jpg?height=503&width=202&top_left_y=1311&top_left_x=739"></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-13"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Embryos of monocotyledons possess only one cotyledon.</p> <ul> <li>In the grass family the cotyledon is called <strong>scutellum</strong> that is situated towards one side (lateral) of the embryonal axis.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-14"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p>At its lower end, the embryonal axis has the radical and root cap enclosed in an undifferentiated sheat called coleorrhiza.</p> </li> <li> <p>The portion of the embryonal axis above the level of attachment of scutellum is the epicotyl.</p> </li> <li> <p>Epicotyl has a shoot apex and a few leaf primordia enclosed in a hollow foliar structure, the coleoptile.</p> </li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-15"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-042.jpg?height=498&width=325&top_left_y=388&top_left_x=677"></p> <p><strong>LS of an manocot embryo of grass</strong></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-16"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is polyembryony and how can it be commercially exploited?</p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Polyembryony is the occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed.</p> <ul> <li>In many citrus and mango varieties, some of the nucellar cells surrounding the embryo sac start dividing, protrude into the embryo sac and develop into embryos.</li> <li>In such species, each ovule contains many embryos.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-18"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Polyembryony plays a main role in plant breeding and horticulture.</li> <li>The plantlets obtained from these embryos are virus free and has more vigour.</li> <li>Hybrid varieties of several food and vegetable crops are being extensively cultivated and these hybrid cultivars possess high productiviy.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-19"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Are parthenocarpy and apomixis different phenomena?</p> <ul> <li>Discuss their benefits.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-20"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Yes, parthenocarpy and apomixis are different phenomenon.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Importance of Parthenocarpy</strong></li> </ul> <p>(i) The fruit production without fertilisation of the ovary is called <strong>parthenocarpy</strong>.</p> <ul> <li>This phenomenon is applied for the commercial production of seedless fruits e.g., banana, grapes.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-21"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(ii) This is more useful far the juice industries.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Importance of Apomixis</strong></li> </ul> <p>(i) During apomixis, chromosomal segregation and recombination does not occur.</p> <ul> <li>So, characters are stable for several generations.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-22"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(ii) It simplifies commercial hybridised production because isolation is not necessary to produce $F_{1}$ or maintain parental generation.</p> <p>(iii) Adventive embryony is being used in the production of uniform root-stock and virus free varieties.</p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-23"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why does the zygote begin to divide only after the division of Primary Endosperm Cell (PEC)?</p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-24"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>The zygote needs nourishment to develop.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-25"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The primary endosperm cell divides repeatedly and forms a triploid endosperm tissue.</p> <ul> <li>The cells of this tissue are filled with reserve food materials and are used for nutrition of the developing embryo.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-26"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Embryo develops at the micropylar end of the embryo sac where zygote is situated.</li> <li>Most zygotes divide only after certain amount of endosperm is formed.</li> <li>This is an adaptation to provide assured nutrition to the developing embryo.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-27"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The generative cell of a two celled pollen divides in the pollen tube, but not in a three-celled pollen.</p> <ul> <li>Give reasons.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-28"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>Pollen grain at maturity, divides and produce two unequal cells.</li> <li>The large cell is vegetative cells, has abundant food reserve and cantains a large irregular nucleus.</li> <li>The smaller cell is generative cell and floats in the cytoplasm of vegetative cell, which is spindle shaped with dense cytoplasm and a nucleus.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-29"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> In over $60 \%$ of angiosperms, pollen grains are shed at this 2 -celled stage tube cell or vegetative cell generative cell.</p> <ul> <li>In the remaining species, the generative cell divides mitotically to give rise to the two male gametes before pollen grains are shed tubecell or vegetative cell two male gamete 3 -celled stage.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-30"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>In 3 celled stage, the pollen grains further germinate on the stigma to produce pollen tube through ane of the germ pores.</li> <li>The contents of the pollen grains move into the tube pollen tube grows through the tissues of the stigma and style and reaches to ovary.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-31"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>In plants, when pollen grain are shed at 2 celled stage the generative cell divides and form two male gametes during the growth of the pollen tube in the stigma.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-32"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> In the figure given below label the following parts-male gametes, egg cell, polar nuclei, synergid and pollen tube</p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-33"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-043.jpg?height=308&width=237&top_left_y=1560&top_left_x=699"></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-34"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The following are the parts of this figure</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-043.jpg?height=325&width=674&top_left_y=1927&top_left_x=503"></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Starting with the zygote, draw the diagrams of the different stages of embryo development in a dicot.</p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>The zygote gives rise to the proembryo and subsequently to the globular, heart-shaped and mature embryo</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong></p> <p><img alt="alt text" src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/d308e8d0-70d8-4263-0e54-e52677355f00/public"></p> <p><strong>Stage in the developemnt of a dicot embryo</strong></p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li><strong>Note</strong> The early stages of embryogeny (embryo development) in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons are similar.</li> <li>In case of monocotyledonous embryo a single cotyledon is present.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What are the possible types of pollinations in chasmogamous flowers.</p> <ul> <li>Give reasons.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>The pollination that occurs in open flowers is called <strong>chasmogamy</strong>.</li> <li>It is the most common type of pollination in all types of flowers.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> There are two types of pollinations (chasmogamy) in chasmogamous flowers, i.e., self-pollination and cross-pollination.</p> <p>(a) <strong>Self-pollination</strong>(Autogamy) The transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of the same flower is called <strong>self-pollination</strong>.</p> <ul> <li>It is found in both cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(b) <strong>Cross-pollination</strong> (Allogamy) The transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of another flower is called a <strong>cross-pollination</strong>.</p> <ul> <li>It is of two types</li> </ul> <p>(i) <strong>Geitonogamy</strong> It is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant.</p> <ul> <li>It is functionally a type of cross-pollination involving a pollinating agent, genetically.</li> <li>It is similar to autogamy.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(ii) <strong>Xenogamy</strong> The transfer of pollen grains from the flower of one plant to the stigma of another plant.</p> <ul> <li>This is the only type of pollination, which brings genetically different types of pollen grains to the stigma.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-045.jpg?height=864&width=422&top_left_y=430&top_left_x=634"></p> <p><strong>Showing self-pollination and cross-pollination</strong></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-11"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> With a neat, labelled diagram, describe the parts of a mature angiosperm embryo sac.</p> <ul> <li>Mention the role of synergids.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-12"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>Megaspore is the mother cell for the development of female gametophyte (embryo sac).</li> <li>The nucleus of the functional megaspore divides mitotically to form two nuclei, which moves to the opposite poles forming two nucleus embryo sacs.</li> <li>Two more mitotic nuclear divisions occur in two nuclei, resulting in the formation of eight-nucleate embryo sac.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-13"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> After the 8-nucleate stage, cell walls are laid down leading to the organisation of the typical female gametophyte or embryo sac.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-14"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-045.jpg?height=474&width=613&top_left_y=1755&top_left_x=538"></p> <p><strong>A mature embryo sac of angiosperm</strong></p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-15"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Six of the eight nuclei are surrounded by cell walls and organised into cells.</li> <li>Three cells present towards the micropylar end grouped together, constitute the egg apparatus.</li> <li>The egg apparatus, in turn consists of two synergids and one egg cell.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-16"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Three cells of the chalazal end are called the antipodals.</li> <li>The large central cell is formed by the fusion of 2-polar nuclei.</li> <li>Thus, a typical angiospermic embryo sac, at maturity consists of eight nuclei and seven cells.</li> <li>This embryo sac is formed from, the single megaspore, so it is called ‘monosporic embryo sac.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Role of Synergids</strong></p> </li> <li> <p>The synergids have special cellular thickenings at the micropylar tip called filiform apparatus, which play an important role in guiding the pollen tubes into the synergid.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-18"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Draw the diagram of a microsporangium and label its wall layers.</p> <ul> <li>Write briefly about the wall layers?</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-19"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>A typical angiospermic anther is bilobed with each lobe having two theca.</li> <li>The anther is a four sided structure consisting of four microsporangia located at the corners, two in each lobe.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-20"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The diagram representation of a microsporangium is shown below</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-21"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img alt="alt text" src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/a73a0e1a-686e-41fe-ed41-9d8fc1369100/public"></p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-22"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>(a) Transverse section of a young anther (b) Enlarged view of one microsporangium showing wall layers (c) Mature dehisced anther showing pollen grain</strong></p> <ul> <li>In a transverse section, a typical microsporangium is circular in outline and is surrounded by four wall layers.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-23"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(a) <strong>Epidermis</strong> The epidermis is the outermost protective layer.</p> <ul> <li>It is composed of tangentially flattened cells.</li> <li>The cells are closely fitted and have thick walls which is helpful in the dehiscence of anther.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-24"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(b) <strong>Endothecium</strong> It is present below the epidermis and expands radically with fibrous thickenings, at maturity these cells loose water, at contract and help in dehiscence of pollen sac.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-25"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(c) <strong>Wall Layers</strong> It is present between well marked endothecium and tapetum.</p> <ul> <li>These are thin walled layers, arranged in one to five layers, which also help in dehiscence of anther.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-26"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(d) <strong>Tapetum</strong> It is the innermost wall layer with large cells, thin cell walls, abundant cytoplasm and have more than one nuclei.</p> <ul> <li>Tapetum is a nutritive tissue which nourishes the developing pollen grains.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-27"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>The centre of the microsporangium consists of sporogenous tissue, which undergoes meiotic divisions to form microspore tetrads.</li> <li>This process is known as microsporogenesis.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-28"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Embryo sacs of some apomictic species appear normal, but contain diploid cells.</p> <ul> <li>Suggest a suitable explanation for the condition.</li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-29"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Replacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual reproduction without fertilisation is called apomixis e.g., replacement of the flower by bulbils and replacement of the seed by a plant.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-30"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Apomitically produced offsprings are genetically identical to the parent plant.</li> <li>In flowering plants, apomixis is used in a restricted sense to mean angiosperm, i.e., asexual reproduction through seeds.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-31"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>In some plant species it is common, e.g., Asteraceae, Poaceae.</li> <li>In some species, the diploid egg cell is formed without reduction division and develops into embryo without fertilisation.</li> <li>It is an asexual reproduction in the absence of pollinators such as in extreme environments.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-32"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <ul> <li> <p>In some species like citrus, some of the nucellar cells surrounding the embryo sac start dividing and develop into embryo.</p> </li> <li> <p>It occurs in the megaspore mother cell does not undergo meiosis, thus produces diploid embryo sac through mitotic divisions.</p> </li> <li> <p>Thus, it explains that, embryo sacs of some apomictic species appear normal, but produce diploid cells.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>