<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (d)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-1"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Fungi are group of eukaryotic heteromorphic organisms with diverse forms, sizes, physiology and mode of reproduction.</p> <ul> <li>They exhibits more specific diversity.</li> <li>This is followed by algae, bryophytes and then fens and alliles.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-2"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Which of the below mentioned regions exhibit less seasonal variations?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Tropics <br> (b) Temperates <br> (c) Alpines <br> (d) Both (a) and (b) </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-3"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (a)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-4"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Maximum biodiversity is observed in tropics as the tropical region exhibit less seasonal variations, i.e., remain undisturbed.</p> <ul> <li>The temperate region are more seasonal, less constant and exhibit less species diversity.</li> <li>Also, alpines with low temperature and high altitudes show less diversity.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-5"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The historic convention on biological diversity held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 is known as</p> <p class="fragment">(a) CITES Convention <br> (b) The Earth Summit <br> (c) G-16 Summit <br> (d) MAB Programme </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-6"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (b)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-7"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> The historic convention on biological diversity held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 1992 is known as Earth Summit ( Ist).</p> <ul> <li>The explanation for other options is CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild flora and fauna) has helped in restricting poaching and loss of rare species.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-8"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>MAB stands for Man and Biosphere Programme which undertakes establishment and maintenance of biosphere reserves.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-9"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is common to the techniques</p> <p>(i) in vitro fertilisation (ii) cryopreservation (iii) tissue culture?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) All are in situ conservation methods. <br> (b) All are ex situ conservation methods. <br> (c) All require ultra modern equipment and large space. <br> (d) All are methods of conservation of extinct organisms </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-10"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (b)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-11"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> All the three above mentioned techniques are ex-situ conservation methods.</p> <ul> <li>At present gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable conditions for longer duration by <strong>cryopreservation method</strong> (at very low temperature- $196^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ).</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-12"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Fertilisation can be achieved in laboratory-in vitro, and species can be improved or propagated by tissue culture method, a plant breeding principle.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What characteristics make a community stable?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The characteristics that make a community stable are</p> <p>(i) Less variation in productivity from year to year.</p> <p>(ii) Resistance or resilience to occasional disturbances (natural or man-made).</p> <p>(iii) Resistance to invasions by alien species.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What could have triggered mass extinctions of species in the past?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Nobody knows the real reason but the scientists believe that any one of the following could have triggered mass extinction of species in the past.</p> <p>(i) Fall of sea levels.</p> <p>(ii) Change in temperature (freezing or warming).</p> <p>(iii) Asteroid/meteorite hitting the planet.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(iv) Poisonous hydrogen sulphide emissions from the sea.</p> <p>(v) Nova/super nova/gamma ray burst.</p> <p>(vi) Plate tectonics.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What accounts for the greater ecological diversity of India?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The greater ecological diversity of India is because of the geographical diversity in terms of varying topography, e.g., deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries and alpine meadows all are present in India.</p> <ul> <li>This results in building of different varieties of ecosystems with greater ecological diversity.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> According to David Tilman, greater the diversity, greater is the primary productivity.</p> <ul> <li>Can you think of a very low diversity man-made ecosystem that has high productivity?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>Artificial or anthropogenic ecosystem are man-made terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems.</li> <li>The most important are agriculture field, generally called as agroecosystems.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The man-made ecosystems like agricultural field of paddy or wheat show very low diversity, but possess high productivity.</p> <ul> <li>These are also an example of monoculture.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-11"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What does ‘Red’ indicate in the IUCN Red list (2004)?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-12"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Red in the IUCN Red list (2004) refers to the taxa with the highest risk of extinction.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-13"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Explain as to how protection of biodiversity hot spots alone can reduce up to $30 \%$ of the current rate of species extinction.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-14"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The biodiversity hot spots are regions with very high level of species richness, especially those under threat from humans, thus their protection can reduce the current rate of extinction.</p> <ul> <li>These regions can be protected as biological reserves, national parks and sanctuaries.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-15"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is the difference between endemic and exotic species?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-16"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> <strong>Endemic species</strong> are <strong>native</strong> or <strong>indigenous species</strong>, which are restricted to a particular geographical region.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Exotic</strong> or <strong>alien species</strong> are those species which are introduced from one geographical region to another geographical area.</li> <li>Exotic species may lead to disappearance of native species.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> How does species diversity differ from ecological diversity?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-18"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> <strong>Species diversity</strong> refers to the number and distribution of species in an area.</p> <ul> <li>It is expressed in terms of ’number of species per unit area’ and also as number of individuals of different species in an area.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-19"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li><strong>Ecological diversity</strong> refers to the diversity at ecosystem level.</li> <li>It is related to different types of ecosystem habitats e.g., terrestrial (forests, grasslands, etc.) and aquatic (freshwater and marine) ecosystems.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-20"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why is genetic variation important in the plant Rauwolfia vomitoria?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-21"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Plant Rauwolfia vomitoria is a source of drug reserpine which acts as tranqulliser.</p> <ul> <li>Genetic variation shown by this medicinal plant might be in terms of the potency and concentration of active chemical (resperin) that plant produces.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-22"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is Red Data Book?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-23"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Red Data Book is a compilation of data or records of species threatened with risk of extinction (which are known to be endangered).</p> <ul> <li>The book is maintained by IUCN (headquartered at gland in Switzerland).</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-24"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Define gene pool.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-25"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Gene pool refers to the sum total of all genes of every individual in an inbreeding population.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-26"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What does the term ‘Frugivorous’ mean?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-27"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Frugivorous term is used for those animals which eat only fruits or eat fruit as their staple diet.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-28"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is the expanded form of IUCN?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-29"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> IUCN stands for ‘International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources’.</p> <ul> <li>Its headquarters are situated at gland in Switzerland.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-30"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Define the terms</p> <p>(i) Bioprospecting</p> <p>(ii) Endemism</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-31"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (i) <strong>Bioprospecting</strong> is a term that describes the process of discovery and commercialisation of new products based on biological resources.</p> <p>(ii) <strong>Endemism</strong> refers to presence of some species in particular regions only and now here else.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-32"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is common to the species shown in figures $A$ and $B$ ?</p> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-33"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-269.jpg?height=232&width=354&top_left_y=392&top_left_x=482"></p> <p>A</p> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-34"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-269.jpg?height=235&width=300&top_left_y=388&top_left_x=895"></p> <p>B</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-35"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Both are angiospermic flowering plants.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-36"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is common to the species shown in figures $A$ and $B$ ?</p> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-37"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-269.jpg?height=231&width=266&top_left_y=822&top_left_x=541"></p> <p>A</p> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-38"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-269.jpg?height=193&width=261&top_left_y=856&top_left_x=875"></p> <p>B</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-39"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Both the species are conserved in their natural habitats.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> How is the presently occurring species extinction different from the earlier mass extinctions?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> In earlier time extinction of species occurred due to natural causes or calamities like flood, volcanic eruption, prolonged drought and landslides, etc.</p> <ul> <li>While at present human activities are the major cause of species extinction.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Of the four major causes for the loss of biodiversity (Alien species invasion habitat loss and fragmentation, over-exploitation and co-extinctions) which according to you is the major cause for the loss of biodiversity?</p> <ul> <li>Give reasons in support.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Out of the four major causes for the loss of biodiversity, loss of habitat and fragmentation is the major cause as</p> <p>(i) Habitat loss and fragmentation caused by clearing and over-exploitation of forest areas for agriculture, urbanisation and industrialisation, results in destruction of natural habitats.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <p>(ii) Increasing human population has overburdened the forest resources and have destroyed forest land, which means loss of habitat for several species.</p> <p>(iii) In addition, large habitats are broken up into small fragments, because of which mammals and birds requiring large territories and migratory habits are badly affected, leading to decline inpopulation.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Discuss one example, based on your day-to-day observations, showing how loss of one species may lead to the extinction of another.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Co-extinction is the extinction of two mutually related or interelated species for instance a host fish extinction leads to the extinction of all those parasites exclusively found on it.</p> <ul> <li>Another example is plant pollinator mutualism, where extinction of one leads to the extinction of other.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Insect, aphids are polyphagous (feed on more than one plant species) or monophagous (feed on a particular species of plant).</li> <li>Monophagous insects may become extinct, if the plant species upon which they feed becomes extinct.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> A species area curve is drawn by plotting the number of species against the area.</p> <ul> <li>How is it that when a very large area is considered the slope is steeper than that for smaller areas?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biodiversity and Conservation</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> In very large areas, the number of species is much more that is why the curve is much steeper.</p> <ul> <li>This is because the larger area has more, food availability and other resources, so obviously more species may thrive.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>