<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Fill in the trophic levels $(1,2,3$ and 4$)$ in the boxes provided in the figure.</p> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-255.jpg?height=524&width=947&top_left_y=402&top_left_x=364"></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (i) First trophic level (producers) - Plants</p> <p>(ii) Second trophic level (primary consumers) - Herbivores</p> <p>(iii) Third trophic level (secondary consumers) - Carnivores</p> <p>(iv) Fourth trophic level (tertiary consumers) - Top carnivores</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img alt="alt text" src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/470f623b-50c4-45de-f980-f97ec9529a00/public"></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The rate of decomposition of detritus is affected by the abiotic factors like availability of oxygen, $\mathrm{pH}$ of the soil substratum, temperature etc.</p> <ul> <li>Discuss.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Decomposition of dead remain or matter of animal and plant is carried out by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi etc.</p> <ul> <li>The growth rate of these decomposers is affected by abiotic factors like temperature, humidity, $\mathrm{pH}$ of soil and light etc.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>The soil pH affect the composition of acidophilic and basophilic microorganisms.</li> <li>In absence or presence of oxygen aerobic and anaerobic processes occurs.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>In presence of oxygen, complete degradation of substance occureds while in absence of oxygen, there will be an incomplete degradation.</li> <li>Similarly, at high temperature microbes can not grow optimally but high or low temperature favours the growth of stress tolerant microorganisms.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> A farmer harvests his crop and expresses his harvest in three different ways.</p> <p>(a) I have harvested 10 quintals of wheat.</p> <p>(b) I have harvested 10 quintals of wheat today in one acre of land.</p> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(c) I have harvested 10 quintals of wheat in one acre of land, 6 months after sowing.</p> <p>Do the above statements mean one and the same thing.</p> <ul> <li>If your answer is <strong>‘yes’,</strong> give reasons.</li> <li>And if your answer is <strong>’no’</strong> explain the meaning of each expression.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (a) Farmer’s expression for his crop harvestation (a) he has harvested 10 quintal of wheat, (b); He has harvested 10 quintals of wheat in one acre of land (c), six, months after sowing mean one and the same thing.</p> <ul> <li>Because crop an artificial ecosystem can be prepared with inclusion of bitoic and abiotic component in a given area.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Here abiotic components like water, is given by the farmer, while climatic factor like light, humidity, air is supplied naturally.</li> <li>The living component is wheat plant, which are obtained on harvestation by farmer.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Justify the following statement in terms of ecosystem dynamics.</p> <ul> <li>“Nature tends to increase the gross primary productivity, while man tends to increase the net primary productivity”.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> In term of ecsosystem dynamics, flow of energy takes place from one trophic level to the next trophic level and occured in unidirectional way.</p> <ul> <li>About $50 \%$ of solar energy incident over earth is present in Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) and only 2-10 % of this PAR is utilised by green plants to form chemical energy (Gross Primary Productivity) (GPP).</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Out of $90 \%$ of gross primary productivity is lost maximum during respiration and other vital activities.</li> <li>GPP utilised by plants in respiration minus respiration losses is the net primary productivity and is available to the organism of next trophic level (herbivore and decomposers) for consumption.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Gross primary productivity</strong> of an ecosystem is the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis.</p> </li> <li> <p>So nature tend to increase gross primary productivity through supporting the large number of plant (producers) in an ecosystem.</p> </li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Net primary productivity</strong> is the available biomass for the consumption to heterotrophs (human and animals) man tries to increase net primary productivity by cultivating food and other crops which the depend on to fullfil their needs.</p> </li> <li> <p>Formula to genrate NPP is</p> </li> </ul> <p>$$ \mathrm{NPP} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{GPP}-\mathrm{R} $$</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Which of the following ecosystems will be more productive in terms of primary productivity?</p> <ul> <li>Justify your answer.</li> <li>A young forest, a natural old forest, a shallow polluted lake, alpine meadow.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-11"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Primary Productivity can be defind as the rate at which primary producers (Green plants) traps and store solar radiation in form of biomass.</p> <ul> <li>This is measured in term of weight $\left(\mathrm{g}^{-2}\right)$ and in term of energy ( $\mathrm{Kcal} \mathrm{m}^{-2}$ ) per year in given time.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-12"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>So, primary productivity varies from ecosystem to ecosystem and the ecosystem which possess more producer will be more productive in term of primary productivity.</li> <li>So young forest grow quicker than older, mature forest and are more productive in terms of productivity.</li> <li>The shallow polluted lake and alpins meadow will be less productive because of less number of producers and high amount of dead matter.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-13"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What are the three types of ecological pyramids.</p> <ul> <li>What information is conveyed by each pyramid with regard to structure, function and energy in the ecosystem.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-14"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> <strong>Ecological Pyramids</strong> An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation of an ecological parameter as number of individual present in various trophic level of food chain.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Properties of ecological pyramid</strong></li> </ul> <p>(i) The trophic structure of an ecosystem is represented in the form of ecological pyramids.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-15"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(ii) The base of each pyramid represents the producers or the first trophic level, while the apex represents tertiary or top level consumer.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-16"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>The three types of ecological pyramids are</li> </ul> <p>(a) <strong>Pyramid of number</strong> shows relationship between producers and consumers in an ecosystem in terms of numbers.</p> <ul> <li>It may be inverted or upright pyramid.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Trophic Level</strong> $\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad$ <strong>Number of Individuals</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-257.jpg?height=227&width=883&top_left_y=1388&top_left_x=369"></p> <p><strong>Pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem</strong></p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-18"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(b) <strong>Pyramid of biomass</strong> shows relationship between producers and consumers in an ecosystem terms of biomass.</p> <ul> <li>It can be</li> </ul> <p>(a) Upright, e.g., in case of grass land ecosystem.</p> <p>(b) Inverted, e.g., in case of pond ecosystem.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Trophic Level</p> </li> <li> <p>Dry Weight $\left(\mathrm{kg}-\mathrm{m}^{-2}\right)$</p> </li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-19"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img alt="alt text" src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/a748cdda-c21d-406d-6d05-10d0d36ec000/public"></p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-20"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-258.jpg?height=154&width=474&top_left_y=314&top_left_x=544"></p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-21"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Inverted pyramid of biomass.</strong></p> </li> <li> <p>Small standing crop of phytoplankton supports large standing crop of zooplankton</p> </li> </ul> <p>(c)<strong>Pyramid of energy</strong> is the relationship between producers and consumers in an ecosystem in terms of flow of energy.</p> <ul> <li>It is always upright because energy is always lost as heat at each step.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-22"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img alt="alt text" src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/0595d9fc-4146-45d6-0a64-2df066761300/public"></p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-23"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>An ideal pyramid of energy.</li> <li>Observe that primary producers convert only $1 \%$ of the energy of the sunlight available to them into Net Primery Productivity.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-24"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Write a short note on pyramid of numbers and pyramid of biomass.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-25"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Ecological pyramids are graphical representations of the relationship between organisms of different trophic levles that can be expressed in terms of number, biomass or energy.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-26"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>In most ecosystems, the pyramid of number is upright, i.e., producers are more in number than the herbivores and herbivores are more in number than the carnivores.</li> <li>But, the pyramid of number may be inverted as in a forest ecosystem, where the number of insects (primary consumers) are greater than the number of trees (producers).</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-27"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>The pyramid of biomass is upright, generally, as the biomass of producers is more than biomass of herbivores and that of herbivores is more than biomass of carnivores.</li> <li>But, it is inverted in ecosystems like sea ecosystem, where the biomass of fishes (primary consumers) exceeds than phytoplankton (producers)</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-28"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Given below is a list of autotrophs and heterotrophs.</p> <ul> <li>With your knowledge about food chain, establish various linkages between the organisms on the principle of ’eating and being eaten’.</li> <li>What is this inter-linkage established known as?</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-29"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Algae, hydrilla, grasshopper, rat, squirrel, crow, maize plant, deer, rabbit, lizard, wolf, snake, peacock, phytoplankton, crustaceans, whale, tiger, lion, sparrow, duck, crane, cockroach, spider, toad, fish, leopard, elephant, goat, Nymphaea, Spirogyra.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-30"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> <strong>Food Chain and Food Web</strong> A straight line sequence of ‘who eats whom’ or eating and being eaten in an ecosystem is called a food chain.</p> <ul> <li> <p>A network of cross connecting food chains involving producers, consumers and decomposers are termed as a food web.</p> </li> <li> <p>Lion, Tiger - <strong>Top carnivore</strong> (Top tropic level)</p> </li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-31"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <ul> <li> <p>Spider, cockroach, lizard, wolf, snake, toad, fish, crane - <strong>Secondry Consumer</strong> (Illrd trophic level).</p> </li> <li> <p>Crustaceans, grasshopper, deer, mouse, squirrel, rabbit, elephant, goat - <strong>Primary Consumer</strong> (Illnd trophic level).</p> </li> <li> <p>Phytoplankton, algae, Hydrilla, maize plant, Nymphaea, Spirogyra - <strong>Producers</strong> (Ist trophic level).</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-32"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> “The energy flow in the ecosystem follows the second law of thermodynamics.” Explain.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-33"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> According to second law of thermodynamics every activity involving energy transformation (According to first law - energy can be transferred and transformed) is accompanied by dissipation of energy as heat and only a part of it is used in building up tissues in an organisms.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-34"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>This trapped energy as biomass is transferred to next trophic level.</li> <li>According to Lindman law only $10 \%$ of the stored energy is passed from one trophic level to successive trophic level.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-35"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What will happen to an ecosystem if</p> <p>(a) All producers are removed</p> <p>(b) All organisms of herbivore level are eliminated and</p> <p>(c) All top carnivore population is removed</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-36"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (a) Removal of all producer reduce primary production in the ecosystem.</p> <ul> <li>Hence, no biomass will be available to the successive/higher trophic level or heterotrophic organisms.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-37"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(b) Elimination of all organisms of herbivore level results into an increase in primary productivity and biomass of producer and carnivorous animal will not survive due to inavailability of food herbivores.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-38"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(c) Removal of top carnivores also disturb the ecosystem as it will result in huge increase in number of herbivores which will finish plants (producers) creating desertification.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-39"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Give two examples of artificial or man made ecosystems.</p> <ul> <li>List the salient features by which they differ from natural ecosystems.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-40"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Aquarium and farm house, are artificial or man made ecosystem.</p> <ul> <li>In artificial ecosystem biotic and abiotic component are maintained artificially like cleaning, feeding and supply of oxygen to fishes in aquarium and irrigation in crop or farm house.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-41"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>While abiotic and biotic component of natural ecosystem are maintained naturally like nutrient cycle, self sutainability, prevention of soil erosion, pollutant absorption and reduction of threat to global warming (ecological servicer), etc.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-42"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The biodiversity increases when one moves from the pioneer to the climax stage.</p> <ul> <li>What could be the explanation?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-43"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> During ecological succession biodiversity increase or changes from pioneer to climax stages.</p> <ul> <li>Following are the effects of ecological succession</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-44"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(a) It leads to changes in vegetation that affects food and shelter for various types of animals.</p> <p>(b) As succession proceeds, the numbers and types of plants, animals and decomposers also change.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-45"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(c) At any time during primary or secondary succession, natural or human induced disturbances (fire, deforestation, etc.) can convert a particular seral stage of succession to an earlier stage.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-46"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Also such disturbances can create new conditions that encourage some species and discourage or eliminate other species of producer, consumers and decomposers.</li> </ul> <p>(d) Over the time, they are succeeded by bigger plants and, ultimately a stable climax <strong>forest community</strong> is attained.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-47"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(e) The climax community remains stable if the environment remains unchanged.</p> <p>(f) With time, the xerophytic habitat may gets converted into a mesophytic one.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-48"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is a biogeochemical cycle.</p> <ul> <li>What is the role of the reservoir in a biogeochemical cycle?</li> <li>Give an example of a sedimentary cycle with reservoir located in earth’s crust.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-49"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> <strong>Biogeochemical Cycle</strong></p> <p>(i) The movement of nutrient elements through the various components of an ecosystem is called nutrient cycling or biogeochemical cycles (Bio-living; geo-including air, water and rocks).</p> <p>(ii) Nutrient cycles are of two types</p> <p>(a) Gaseous</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-50"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(b) Sedimentary</p> <p>(iii) Atmosphere is the reservoir for gaseous type of nutrient cycle (e.g., nitrogen and carbon cycle).</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-51"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <p>(iv) Earth’s crust is the reservoir of sedimentary cycle (e.g., sulphur and phosphorus cycle).</p> <p>(v) The function of the reservoir is to meet with the deficit, which occurs due to imbalance in the rate of influx and efflux.</p> <p>(vi) Environmental factors, e.g., soil, moisture, $\mathrm{pH}$, temperature, etc., regulate the rate of release of nutrients into the atmosphere.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-52"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="5"> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Phosphorus Cycle</strong></p> </li> <li> <p>Phosphorus cycle is an example of sedimentary nutrient cycle since, it moves from land and sedimented at the bottom of the seas, then back to land again.</p> </li> <li> <p>The natural reservoir of phosphorus is earth’s crust.</p> </li> <li> <p>Rock contains phosphorus in the form of phosphates.</p> </li> <li> <p>By weathering and soil erosion, phosphates enter streams, rivers and then to oceans.</p> </li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-53"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>With great movements of the crustal plates, sea floor is uplifted and phosphates become exposed on the drained land surfaces.</li> <li>From here, weathering over long periods of time releases phosphates.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-54"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p>From rocks, minute amount of these phosphates dissolve in soil and are absorbed by the roots of the plants.</p> </li> <li> <p>Herbivores and other animals obtain this element from plants when they consume plants as their food.</p> </li> <li> <p>The waste products and the dead organisms are decomposed by phosphate-solubilising bacteria thus releasing phosphorus.</p> </li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-55"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-261.jpg?height=371&width=537&top_left_y=405&top_left_x=576"></p> <p><strong>A simplified model of phosiphorus cycling in a terrestrial ecosystem</strong></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-56"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What will be the $P / R$ ratio of a climax community and a pioneer community?</p> <ul> <li>What explanation could you offer for the changes seen in $\mathrm{P} / \mathrm{R}$ ratio of a pioneer community and the climax community?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-57"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> <strong>Production/Respiration ratio $(P / R)$ ratio</strong> It shows the relationship between gross production and total community respiration where $P / R=1$ a steady state community result.</p> <ul> <li>This result may be instantaneously daily one or over a longer period.</li> <li>If $P / R$ is persistantly greater or less than/then organic matter either accumulates or is depleted respectively.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-58"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Pioneer Community</th> <th style="text-align:left">Climax Community</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">The species that invade a base area are called pioneer species on base rockes these are generally lichens.</td> <td style="text-align:left">It is a final biotic community that develops in an area</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">In aquatic ecosystem there are phytoplanktons</td> <td style="text-align:left">It occurs over an area previously occupied by several communities.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-59"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Pioneer Community</th> <th style="text-align:left">Climax Community</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">In pioneer community the P/R ratio will be more than one</td> <td style="text-align:left">In climax community the P/R ratio will be 1.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>