<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Is the common edible mushroom an autotroph or a heterotroph?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Common edible mushroom (Agaricus) is <strong>achlorophyllous</strong> (does not possess chlorophyll) and is a heterotroph.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why are oceans least productive?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Oceans are least productive because</p> <p>(i) There is insufficient radiation as sunlight decreases with the increasing depth of the ocean.</p> <p>(ii) Oceans are nitrogen deficient which is an important nutrient for plants.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(iii) Conditions of high salinity which is not favourable for all plants.</p> <p>(iv) there is no substratum to support plants.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why is the rate of assimilation of energy at the herbivore level called secondary productivity?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The rate of assimilation of energy at herbivore level is called secondary productivity because the biomass available to the organisms of next trophic level (consumer) for further consumption is a resultant of the primary productivity which is formed by autotrophs (plants).</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why are nutrient cycles in nature called biogeochemical cycles?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Nutrient cycles are called biogeochemical cycles because ions/molecules of a nutrient are transferred from the environment (rocks, air and water) to organisms (life) and then brought back to the environment in a cyclic pathway.</p> <ul> <li>The literal meaning of biogeochemical is bioliving organism and georocks, air and water.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Give any two examples of xerarch succession.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Xerarch succession of ecological communities originates in extremely dry conditions such as sand deserts and rock deserts (as there is no water and the substratum does not absorb rain water).</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-11"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Define self sustainability</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-12"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Self sustainability is the maintenance of an ecosystem itself or naturally, i.e., A system that maintain itself by its own independent efforts is a self-sustainable ecosystem.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-13"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Given below is a figure of an ecosystem.</p> <ul> <li>Answer the following questions?</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-14"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-251.jpg?height=432&width=667&top_left_y=1339&top_left_x=504"></p> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-15"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(i) What type of ecosystem is shown in the figure?</p> <p>(ii) Name any plant that is characteristic of such ecosystem.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-16"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (i) It is a tropical deciduous forest ecosystem.</p> <p>(ii) In India this type of forest ecosystem is characterised by Tectona, Dipterocarpus Jamun, Amla, Palas, mahua and Semul plants.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is common to earthworm, mushroom, soil mites and dung beetle in an ecosystem.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-18"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> They all are designated as primary consumer in a detritus food chain and are termed as detritivores.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Organisms at a higher trophic level have less energy available.</p> <ul> <li>Comment.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Energy flow in the ecosystem follows the 10 % energy flow law, proposed by Lindman.</p> <ul> <li>According to this law only $10 \%$ of the energy available at each trophic level, gets transferred to the next trophic level, the rest is lost in the environment as heat.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>As we move to higher trophic levels, the energy available to organisms keeps on decreasing.Thus, the top carnivore gains the lesst energy in a food chain.</li> <li>Heat energy last during Respiration.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-252.jpg?height=576&width=1258&top_left_y=737&top_left_x=211"></p> <p><strong>$10 \%$ energy flow low showing transfer of energy from one trophic level to others</strong></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem are limited.</p> <ul> <li>Comment.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The number of trophic level in an ecosystem are each limited and are not more than 4-5.</p> <ul> <li>because the amount of energy flow decreases with successive trophic level as only $10 \%$ of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next successive level.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>So rest of the energy is lost in the form of respiration and other vital activities to maintain life.</li> <li>If more trophic levels are present, the residual energy will be limited and decreases to such an extent that it cannot further support any trophic level by the flow of energy.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <ul> <li> <p>So, the food chain is generally limited to $3-4$ trophic levels only.</p> </li> <li> <p>E.g., $\quad \underset{(30,000 \mathrm{~J})}{\operatorname{Sun}} \quad \underset{\longrightarrow}{1 \% asborbed} \quad\underset{(300 \mathrm{~J})}{\text { Plants }} \quad \underset{\longrightarrow}{10 \% transferred} \quad\underset{(30 \mathrm{~J})}{\text { Deer }} \quad \underset{\longrightarrow}{10 \% transferred} \quad \underset{(3 \mathrm{~J})}{\text { Tiger }}$</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Is an aquarium a complete ecosystem?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Aquarium is a man made ecosystem (artificial).</p> <ul> <li>If an ecosystem possess all physical and biological component, then it is said to be complete.</li> <li>Since aquarium has biotic (plants and fishes) and abiotic component (air, water) required for survival of fishes, so it is an complete ecosystem.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-11"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What could be the reason for the faster rate of decomposition in the tropics?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-12"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Tropics are characterised by high temperature and moisture and soil is rich in humus and minerals.</p> <ul> <li>As the decomposition rate is regulated by climatic factors, thus optinum temperature and humidity enhance the activity of decomposrs while the dead remain is also available in rich amount, which supports the faster rate of decomposition in the tropics.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-13"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Human activities interfere with carbon cycle.</p> <ul> <li>List any two such activities.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-14"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Two human activities that interfere with carbon cycles are</p> <p>(i) Rapid deforestation and</p> <p>(ii) Massive burning of fossil fuel for energy and transport.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-15"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Flow of energy through various trophic levels in an ecosystem is unidirectional and non-cyclic.</p> <ul> <li>Explain.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-16"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Flow of energy in an ecosystem is always unidirectional, i.e., energy flow in one way and is noncyclic, like</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>$$ \underset{\text { Ist Trophic level }}{\text { Plants }} \quad \rightarrow \underset{\text { Ilnd Trophic level }}{\text { Herbivore }} \quad \rightarrow \underset{\text { Ill rd Trophic level }}{\text { Carnivore }} \quad \rightarrow \text { Top carnivore } $$</p> <ul> <li>As the energy content is decreasing from Ist trophic level to next trophic level and so on, thus the energy cannot pass in reverse direction.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-18"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Apart from plants and animals, microbes form a permanent biotic component in an ecosystem.</p> <ul> <li>While plants have been referred to as autotrophs and animals as heterotrophs.</li> <li>What are microbes referred to as?</li> <li>How do the microbes fulfill their energy requirements?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-19"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> On the basis of nutrition, organisms are classified as autotrophs and heterotrophs.</p> <ul> <li>Autotrophs are further categorised into photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs, while heterotrophs may be parasite pred or a saprophyte etc.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-20"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Microbes are saprotrophs and derive nourishment or energy from dead organic matter or remain of plants and animals and this digestion is extracellular.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-21"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Poaching of tiger is a burning issue in today’s world.</p> <ul> <li>What implication would this activity have on the functioning of the ecosystem of which the tigers are an integral part?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-22"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Tiger represents an important part of the food web and helps in maintaining the ecological stability.</p> <ul> <li>As a carnivore, it keeps a check on the unlimited growth of herbivoresing the and also removes sick or old animlas from the population.</li> <li>It also acts as an indicator of the forest’s health.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-23"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Saving the tiger means we save the forest.</li> <li>Since, tiger (top carnivore of the food chain) cannot live in places where trees or herbivores, that it hunts, have vanished and in turn secure food and water for all.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-24"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> In relation to energy transfer in ecosystem, explain the statement " $10 \mathrm{~kg}$ of deer’s meat is equivalent to $1 \mathrm{~kg}$ of lion’s flesh".</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-25"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> In an ecosystem, flow (transfer) of energy is unidirectional.</p> <ul> <li>As energy trapped in 1st tropic level, only $10 \%$ of energy is transferred to next trophic level.</li> </ul> <p><img alt="alt text" src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/fecf066b-c6d1-4a4b-033b-088d1656df00/public"></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-26"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Primary productivity varies from ecosystem to ecosystem.</p> <ul> <li>Explain?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-27"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Primary productivity is the rate at which primary producers (plants) capture and store solar radiation to form chemical energy.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Primary production depends upon producer (green plant) which are variable in different ecosystem.</p> </li> <li> <p>So, primary productivity varies from ecosystem to ecosystem.</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-28"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Sometimes due to biotic/abiotic factor the climax remain in a particular seral stage (pre climax) without reaching climax.</p> <ul> <li>Do you agree with this statement.</li> <li>If yes give a suitable example.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-29"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Sometimes climax remains in a particular seral stage without reaching to the climax because during ecological succession any change in abiotic and biotic component may affect the particular seral stage, leading to preclimax stage before the climax is achieved.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-30"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>This type of condition occurs presence of seeds and other propagules.</li> <li>This secondarily based area may be invaded by moss or exotic weeds thus exhibiting succession seriously and the climax community is never regenerated.</li> <li>In the case of natural calamities like-fire landslide, floods, change in soil texture.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-31"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is an incomplete ecosystem?</p> <ul> <li>Explain with the help of suitable example.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-32"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> An ecosystem comprises with biotic and a biotic component.</p> <ul> <li>A biotic component include light, air, water, temperature, humidity etc, while biotic factor comprises all living organism.</li> <li>Absence or limited availability of any component (either abiotic or biotic) makes an ecosystem incomplete like the profundal and benthic zone in an aquatic ecosystem.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-33"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What are the shortcomings of ecological pyramids in the study of ecosystem?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-34"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Ecological pyramids are the graphical representation of ecological parameter.</p> <ul> <li>These are characterised by pyramid of number, pyramid of mass and pyramid of energy in an ecosystems.</li> <li>Assumption of a simple food chain is the major shortcoming of ecological pyramids.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-35"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>If we do not accomode food web, a clear position of or trophic levels of an organisms cannot be given.</li> <li>Saprophytic organism are not given any place in the ecological pyramid, though they are the important component in an ecosystem.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-36"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> How do you distinguish between humification and mineralisation?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-37"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> <strong>Humification</strong> is the process of decomposition of soil that leads to accumulation of a dark-coloured amorphous substance called humus.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Humus are highly resistant to microbial action and under goes dicomposition at a very slow rate.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Mineralisation</strong> is the process by which the humus is further degraded by microbes and inorganic nutrients or minerals are released back into the substratum.</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>