<div> <h4 id="successchaptersuccess"><Success>Chapter</Success></h4> <h4 id="successecosystemsuccess"><Success>Ecosystem</Success></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-1"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Decomposers like fungi and bacteria are</p> <p>(i) autotrophs (ii) heterotrophs (iii) saprotrophs (iv) chemo-autotrophs</p> <p>Choose the correct answer</p> <p class="fragment">(a) (i) and (iii) <br> (b) (i) and (iv) <br> (c) (ii) and (iii) <br> (d) (i) and (ii) </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-2"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>On the basis of mode of nutrition organism can be classified as autotrophs and heterotrophs.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-3"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (c)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-4"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> <strong>Autotrophs</strong> (Chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs) are those organisms which are able to synthesise their own food, e.g., plants while the organisms which derive their food, (from autotrophs or plants) are termed as <strong>heteroptrophs</strong>.</p> <ul> <li>Heterotrophs may be herbivores, carnivores and omnivores.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-5"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li><strong>Saprotrophs</strong> are the organisms which obtain their nourishment from dead organic matter or remains of both plant and animals.</li> <li>They are also known as decomposer as they play an important role in recycling of minerals by decomposing dead organic matter.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-6"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The process of mineralisation by microorganisms helps in the release of</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Inorganic nutrients from humus <br> (b) Both organic and inorganic nutrients from detritus <br> (c) Organic nutrients from humus <br> (d) Inorganic nutrients from detritus and formation of humus. </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-7"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (a)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-8"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Five important steps occured during the process of <strong>decomposition</strong> are <strong>fragmentation</strong> <strong>eaching, catabolism humification and mineralisation</strong>.</p> <ul> <li>Humus and mineral (inorganic nutrients) are obtained by humification and mineralisaton.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-9"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Mineralisation is also responsible for release of inorganic substances, both minerals $\left(K^{+}, Mg^{++}, Ca^{++}\right.$ and $\left.NH_{4}^{+}\right)$and non-minerals like $H_{2} O$ and $CO_{2}$ from dead organic matter of plant’s and animal’s remains.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-10"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Productivity is the rate of production of biomass expressed in terms of</p> <p>(i) $\left(\mathrm{kcal} \mathrm{m}^{-3}\right) \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$</p> <p>(ii) $\mathrm{g}^{-2} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$</p> <p>(iii) $\mathrm{g}^{-1} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$</p> <p>(iv) $\left(\mathrm{kcal} \mathrm{m}^{-2}\right) \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$</p> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-11"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p class="fragment">(a) (ii) <br> (b) (iii) <br> (c) (ii) and (iv) <br> (d) (i) and (iii) </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-12"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (c)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-13"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Productivity is the rate of production of biomass or organic matter by any trophic level per unit area over a time period.</p> <ul> <li>It is expressed/measured in term of weight (e.g., $\mathrm{gm} / \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{yr}^{2}$ ) or energy (e.g., $\mathrm{kcal} / \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{yr}$ ).</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-14"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> An inverted pyramid of biomass can be found in which ecosystem?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Forest <br> (b) Marine <br> (c) Grass land <br> (d) Tundra </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-15"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>Biomass is the amount of living organic matter in an ecosystem while its pyramid show relationship between producer and consumer in an ecosystem.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-16"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (b)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-17"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> In case of aquatic ecosystem like pond ecosystem, marine ecosystem, pyramid of biomass is inverted because the biomass of fishes exceeds than that of phytoplanktons which make the small standing crop of aquatic ecosystems.</p> <ul> <li>In aquatic ecosystem biomass of trophic level depends upon reproductive potential and longevity of its members.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-18"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Which of the following is not a producer?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Spirogyra <br> (b) Agaricus <br> (c) Volvox <br> (d) Nostoc </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-19"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (b)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-20"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Agaricus belong to basidiomycetes fungi which is, heterotrophs (saptrotrophs) class.</p> <ul> <li>It is popularly called as mushroom.</li> <li>Whereas Spirogyra, is a green algae and an autotrophs, i.e., producer Nostoc and Volvox are blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) and are also a producer (autotroph).</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-21"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Which of the following ecosystems is most productive in terms of net primary production?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Deserts <br> (b) Tropical rain forests <br> (c) Oceans <br> (d) Estuaries </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-22"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (b)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-23"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> In terms of net primary productivity tropical rain forest is at the top followed by coral reef, easturies and desert and ocean.</p> <ul> <li>Thus option ‘b’ is correct while ’ $a$ ‘, ’ $c$ ’ and ’ $d$ ’ are wrong.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-24"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Pyramid of numbers is</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Always upright <br> (b) Always inverted <br> (c) Either upright or inverted <br> (d) Neither upright nor inverted </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-25"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>Ecological pyramids are generally prepared on the basis of 3 ecological parameters, number of individuals, organic matter or biomass and amount of energy.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-26"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (c)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-27"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Pyramid of number in ecosystems can be inverted or upright.</p> <ul> <li>In terrestrial ecosystem pyramids of number is upright.</li> <li>In case of successive decrease in members of trophic level like a big tree it is inverted whereas pyramid of energy is always upright.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-28"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Whereas pyramid of biomass may also be upright or inverted.</li> <li>In none of the case always inverted pyramid or neither any pyramid may be of obtained thus other options wrong.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-29"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Approximately how much of the solar energy that falls on the leaves of a plant is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Less than 1 % <br> (b) 2-10 % <br> (c) 30 % <br> (d) 50 % </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-30"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (b)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-31"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Sun is the ultimate source of energy in all ecosystems except deep hydrothermal ecosystem.</p> <ul> <li>Of the incident solar radiation (less than $50 \%$ is Photosynthetically Active Radcation (PAR)) and about $2-10 \%$ or $1-5 \%$ of solar incident energy is captured by the autotrophs and is converted to chemical energy by the process of photo synthesis.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-32"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Among the following where do you think the process of decomposition would be the fastest?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Tropical rain forest <br> (b) Antarctic <br> (c) Dry arid region <br> (d) Alpine region </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-33"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>Tropical rain forest biome show well defined stratification, i.e., grouping of plants in well defind layer of trees according their heights.</li> <li>These layer of plant are called as strata or storeys.</li> <li>The biome may contain a minimum of five storeys, or vegetation or strata.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-34"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (a)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-35"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> The lowest strata/storey/forest floor of the tropical rain forest recieve little solar radiation and soil is rich in mineral and humus.</p> <ul> <li>As the high temperature and moisture (humidity) are favourable for high microbial activity of decomposers to decompos the fallen leaves and dead organic matter, process of decomposition is fastest in this type of biome.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-36"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> How much of the net primary productivity of a terrestrial ecosystem is eaten and digested by herbivores?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) 1 % <br> (b) 10 % <br> (c) 40 % <br> (d) 90 % </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-37"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (d)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-38"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> In a predator or grazing food chain predation occurs at every steps.</p> <ul> <li>Like herbivore are eaten up by carnivore.</li> <li>If they die naturally, then the energy trapped in the body of herbivore (or any tropic level) is transferred to decomposers.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-39"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Only $10 \%$ of herbivore productivity is utilised for raising productivity of next tropic level (primary carnivores), while the rest $90 \%$ is eaten and used up, in process like respiration, maintenance of body heat and other activities.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-40"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> During the process of ecological succession the changes that take place in communities are</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Orderly and sequential <br> (b) Random <br> (b) Very quick <br> (d) Not influenced by the physical environment </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-41"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (a)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-42"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> The gradual and predictable changes in the species composition of a given area is called ecological succession.</p> <ul> <li>These changes are <strong>orderly</strong> and sequential.</li> <li>The entire seqences of communities that successively change in a given area are termed as sere.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-43"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>The other options as random or quick change are not the features of ecological succession.</li> <li>Also the ecological succession is influenced by physical environment thus all the other options are wrong.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-44"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Climax community is in a state of</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Non-equilibrium <br> (b) Equilibrium <br> (c) Disorder <br> (d) Constant change </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-45"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (b)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-46"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> During ecological or biotic succession, climax community is stable, self perpetuating and is the final biotic community.</p> <ul> <li>It is developed at the end of succession and is in state of perfect hormony and equilibrium with physical environment.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-47"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Climax community has maximum diversity and niche specialisation, thus all the other options are not related to climax community and are wrong.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-48"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Among the following bio-geo-chemical cycles which one does not have losses due to respiration?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Phosphorus <br> (b) Nitrogen <br> (c) Sulphur <br> (d) All of these </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-49"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (d)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-50"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Phosphorus, nitrogen and sulphur biogeochemical cycle does not have any losses due to the process of respiration.</p> <ul> <li>While cycles like carbon and oxygen are affected by the process of respiration.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-51"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The sequence of communities of primary succession in water is</p> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-52"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <p class="fragment"> (a) Phytoplankton, sedges, free-floating hydrophytes, rooted hydrophytes, grasses and trees. <br> (b) Phytoplankton, free-floating hydrophytes, rooted hydrophytes, sedges, grasses and trees. <br> (c) Free-floating hydrophytes, sedges, phytoplankton, rooted hydrophytes, grasses and trees. <br> (d) Phytoplankton, rooted submerged hydrophytes, floating hydrophytes, reed swamp, sedges, meadow and trees. </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-53"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (d)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-54"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> The sequences of communities of primary succession in hydrosere is phytoplankton (pioneer stage) $\rightarrow$ rooted submerged hydrophytes $\rightarrow$ floating hydrophyte (floating stage) $\rightarrow$ reed swamp $\rightarrow$ sedges $\rightarrow$ meadow and woodland (trees).</p> <ul> <li>The other options are wrong.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Ecosystem</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-55"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The reservoir for the gaseous type of bio-geochemical cycle exists in</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Stratosphere <br> (b) Atmosphere <br> (c) Ionosphere <br> (d) Lithosphere </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>