<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Highlight any four areas where genetic modification of plants has been useful.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Genetically Modified Plants (GMOs) are the plants, whose genes have been altered by manipulation.</p> <ul> <li>Genetic modification of plants is useful in different areas.</li> <li>Because of following reasons</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(a) It increases tolerance against abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat). <br> (b) It reduces reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops).</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(c) It reduces post-harvest losses. <br> (d) It increases the efficiency of minerals used by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil).</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(e) It enhances nutritional value of food, e.g., vitamin-A enriched rice (golden rice).</p> <p>(f) It creates tailor-made plants to supply alternative resources such as starch fuels and pharmaceuticals to industries.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is a recombinant DNA vaccine? Give two examples.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Recombinant DNA vaccines are produced by using genetically engineered plasmids that have gene inserts possessing the surface proteins of a pathogen.</p> <ul> <li>After the binding of pathogens to these surface proteins, a weak immune response is elicited but it do not results in infection.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p>These plasmids are inserted in bacteria or yeast cells that expresses the viral proteins, which are then injected into the human host as vaccine, where they are recognised as foreign and an immune response is elicited.</p> </li> <li> <p>Recombinant hepatitis-B vaccine and polio vaccine are the examples.</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why is it that the line of treatment for a genetic disease is different from infectious diseases?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The line of treatment for a genetic disease is different from infectious diseases because genetic diseases cannot be treated with any medication, only the signs and symptoms can be taken care of.</p> <ul> <li>The only way to treat them is by the manipulation of genes to correct or replace the faulty genes.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>On the other hand, infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and therefore, can be treated by substances that kill the pathogen or hamper its growth.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-11"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Discuss briefly how a probe is used in molecular diagnostics.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-12"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>A single stranded DNA or RNA tagged with a radioactive molecule is called probe.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-13"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Early detection of a disease is not possible by conventional diagnostic methods.</p> <ul> <li>So, some techniques have been implanted for early diagnosis like PCR, recombinant DNA technology and ELISA.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-14"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p>In recombinant DNA technology, a probe is used.</p> </li> <li> <p>It is allowed to hybridise to its complementary DNA in the clone of cells.</p> </li> <li> <p>The cells are then detected by autoradiography.</p> </li> <li> <p>The cell with mutated gene will not be observed on the photographic film because, the probe will not have complementarity with the mutated gene.</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-15"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Who was the first patient to be treated with gene therapy? Why was the given treatment recurrent in nature?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-16"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows the correction of gene defects diagnosed in a child or embryo.</p> <ul> <li>Correction of a genetic defect involves the delivery of a normal gene into the individual or embryo to take over the function of and compensate for the non-functional gene.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p>The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4 yrs old girl with Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency.</p> </li> <li> <p>ADA deficiency is caused due to the deletion of gene for Adenosine Deaminase.</p> </li> <li> <p>It can be cured by bone marrow transplantation or by enzyme replacement therapy.</p> </li> <li> <p>In both the approaches, it is not completley curable.</p> </li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-18"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <ul> <li> <p>It may recurrent in nature because in the process of gene therapy, lymphocytes used are found to be mortal in nature and the patient requires periodic infusion of such genetically engineered lymphocytes.</p> </li> <li> <p>For permanent cure, gene isolated from the bone marrow cells producing ADA is introduced into the cells at early embryonic stages.</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-19"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Taking examples under each category, discuss upstream and downstream processing.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-20"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The fermentation process is the basis of many industries in order to produce diverse products.</p> <ul> <li>Fermentation means a process in which microorganisms that are cultured on a large scale, convert a substrate into a product which is useful to human.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-21"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p>The fermentation process is divided into two stages namely</p> </li> <li> <p>Upstream and downstream processing both of these processes can be discussed taking an example of citric acid production.</p> </li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-22"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-219.jpg?height=437&width=1101&top_left_y=646&top_left_x=306"></p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-23"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>The upstream processing in biotechnology involves identifying a material.</li> <li>This forms the initial process of fermentation.</li> <li>It deals with inoculum preparation, preparation of culture media, scale up of the entire process and inoculation.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-24"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>When the products are subjected to a series of processes including separation and purification of the product, it is collectively known as downstream processing.</li> <li>It deals with the post-harvest product, i.e., recovery-clarification, purification, polishing and formulation till the packaging of the desired product.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-25"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Define antigen and antibody.</p> <ul> <li>Name any two diagnostic kits based upon them.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-26"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> An antigen is a foreign substance that elicits the immune response and results in the formation of an antibody.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Antibody is a protein that is synthesised by the body in response to an antigen.</p> </li> <li> <p>Antigen and antibody shows high degree of specificity in binding to each other.</p> </li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-27"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Two diagnostic kits based on antigen-antibody interaction are</li> </ul> <p>(a) ELISA for HIV. <br> (b) Pregnancy test kits.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-28"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> ELISA technique is based on the principles of antigen-antibody interaction.</p> <ul> <li>Can this technique be used in the molecular diagnosis of a genetic disorder, such as phenylketonuria?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-29"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>ELISA is based on the principle of antigen - antibody interaction.</li> <li>Any infection coused by a pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens (proteins, glycoproteins, etc.) or by detecting the antibodies synthesised against the pathogen.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-30"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Yes, one can use antibody against the enzyme (that is responsible for the metabolism of phenylanaline) to develop ELISA based diagnostic technique.</p> <ul> <li>The patient, in which the enzyme-protein complex is absent would give a negative result in ELISA when compared to the normal individual.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-31"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> How is a mature, functional insulin hormone different from its pro-hormone form?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-32"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Mature functional insulin is obtained by the processing of pro-hormone which contains an extra peptide called C-peptide or connecting peptide.</p> <ul> <li>It connects the $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{B}$ chains in proinsulin.</li> <li>This $\mathrm{C}$-peptide is removed during the maturation of pro-insulin to insulin and A and B chains gets linked by disulphide linkage.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-33"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-220.jpg?height=459&width=605&top_left_y=613&top_left_x=547"></p> <p>Free C-peptide</p> <p><strong>Maturation of proinsulin to insulin</strong></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-34"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Gene therapy is an attempt to correct a genetic defect by providing a normal gene into the individual.</p> <ul> <li>By this the normal function can be restored.</li> <li>An alternate method would be to provide the gene product (protein/enzyme) known as enzyme replacement therapy, which would also restore the function.</li> <li>Which in your opinion is a better option? Give reason for your answer.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-35"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Gene therapy would be a better option because it has the potential to completely cure the patient.</p> <ul> <li>It is because the correct gene once introduced in the patient, can continue to produce the correct protein enzyme.</li> <li>Enzyme therapy does not offer permanent cure as it needs to be given to the patient on regular basis.</li> <li>It is also more expensive.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-36"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Transgenic animals are the animals in which a foreign gene is expressed.</p> <ul> <li>Such animals can be used to study the fundamental biological process, phenomenon as well as for producing products useful for mankind.</li> <li>Give one example for each type.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-37"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Transgenic animals are the animals in which a foreign genes are expressed.</p> <ul> <li>Such animals can be used to study the fundamental biological process/phenomenon, e.g., by using model organisms like mouse we can determine how genes are regulated (gene regulation), how they affect the normal functions of the body and its development, etc.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-38"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Transgenic animals are also used for producing products useful for mankind, e.g., Transgenic cow (rosie).</li> <li>Which produced human protein enriched milk $(2.4 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{L})$.</li> <li>The milk contained the human alpha-lactalbumin and was nutritionally a more balanced product for human babies than natural cow-milk.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-39"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism, how is it maintained in the host and how is it transferred to the progeny of the organism?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-40"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="5"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Foreign gene is usually ligated to a plasmid vector and introduced in the host.</p> <ul> <li> <p>As plasmid replicates, and makes multiple copies of itself, so does the foreign gene gets replicated and its several copies are made.</p> </li> <li> <p>When the host organism divides, its progeny also receives the plasmid.</p> </li> <li> <p>DNA containing the foreign gene</p> </li> <li> <p>The whole process can be visualised in the figure given below</p> </li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-41"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-221.jpg?height=1101&width=1033&top_left_y=675&top_left_x=331"></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-42"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Bt cotton is resistant to pest, such as lepidopteran, dipterans and coleopterans.</p> <ul> <li>Is Bt cotton also resistant to other pests as well?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology and Its Applications</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-43"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Bt cotton is made resistant to certain specific taxa of pests (lepidopteran, dipterans and coleopterans).</p> <ul> <li>It is quite likely that in future, some other pests may infest these Bt-cotton plants.</li> <li>It is similar to immunisation against smallpox which does not provide immunity against other pathogens like those, that causes cholera, typhoid etc.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>