Chapter 11 Part 2: Biotechnology Principles and Processes

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology Principles and Processes</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-5"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<p>(i) <strong>Denaturation</strong> The double-stranded DNA is denatured by applying high temperature of $95^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ for 15 seconds.</p>
<ul>
<li>Each separated single stranded strand now acts as template for DNA synthesis.</li>
</ul>
<p>(ii) <strong>Annealing</strong> Two sets of primers are added which anneal to the 3 end of each separated strand.</p>
<ul>
<li>Primers act as initiators of replication.</li>
</ul>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology Principles and Processes</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-7"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<p><strong>Ques.</strong> A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA that was generated using a human gene.</p>
<ul>
<li>However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein.</li>
<li>Reasons could be</li>
</ul>
<p class="fragment">(a) Human gene may have intron which bacteria cannot process <br>
(b) Amino acid codons for humans and bacteria are different <br>
(c) Human protein is formed but degraded by bacteria <br>
(d) All of the above </p>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology Principles and Processes</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-10"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<p><strong>Sol.</strong> The process of making recombinant DNA molecule involves the introduction of a desired gene into the DNA of a host that will produce the desired protein.</p>
<ul>
<li>Inducing a cloned eukaryotic gene to function in a prokaryotic host can be difficult sometime.</li>
<li>The presence of long non-coding introns in eukaryotic genes may prevent correct expression of these genes in prokaryotes, which lack RNA-splicing machinery.</li>
</ul>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology Principles and Processes</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-13"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<p><strong>Sol.</strong> If any protein encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>It is called a recombinant protein.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The cells harbouring cloned genes of interest may be grown on a small scale in the laboratory.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The cultures may be used for extracting the desired protein and then purifying it by using different separation techniques.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>

<div style='text-align : center'>
<Success><font size="5"><b>Biotechnology Principles and Processes</b></font></Success>
</div>
<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-21"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
<hr>
<div class="text-container">
<font size ="5">
<p><strong>Sol.</strong> The restriction enzymes are called ‘molecular scissors’ and are responsible for cutting DNA on specific sites.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>These are not found in viruses.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>They are present in bacteria to provide a type of defense mechanism called the ‘restriction modification system’ and the so called system consist of two component; restriction enzymes and modification enzyme.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p>
</font>
</div>
<hr>
<font size ="4">
<div style='text-align : center'>
<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
</div>
</font>