<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What roles do enzymes play in detergents that we use for washing clothes?</p> <ul> <li>Are these enzymes produced from some unique microorganisms?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Enzymes like lipases are used in detergent which formulations, cause breakdown of oils and thus help in removing oily and greasy stains from the clothes in laundry.</p> <ul> <li>These are obtained from Candida lipolytica and Geotrichum candidum.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is the chemical nature of biogas.</p> <ul> <li>Name an organism which is involved in biogas production?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The chemical nature of biogas is $CH_{4}, CO_{2}, H_{2}$ and a trace amount of $H_{2} ~S$ Methanobacteria, a type of methanogen is employed for biogas production.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> How do microbes reduces the environmental degradation causes by chemicals?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Chemicals from fertilisers and pesticides are highly toxic to human beings and animals alike, and have been polluting our environment.</p> <ul> <li>To reduce the environmental degradation caused by chemicals, microbes can be used both as fertilisers and pesticides and can be called biofertilisers and biopesticides, respectively.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Microbes are used as biofertilisers to enrich the soil nutrients, e.g., Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, etc., which can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.</li> <li>Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria act as biopesticides to control the growth of insect pests.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Trichoderma, fungal species, is effective bicontrol agent of several plant pathogens.</li> <li>Baculovirus used as biological control agents in genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus are excellent for species-specific, narrow spectrum insecticidal applications.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What is a broad spectrum antibiotic?</p> <ul> <li>Name one such antibiotic.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> A broad spectrum antibiotic is one which can inhibit the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.</p> <ul> <li>E.g.,Tetracyclines, phenicols, fluoroquinolones, third-generation and fourth-generation antibiotivcs is cephalosporins.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What are viruses parasitising bacteria called?</p> <ul> <li>Draw a well labelled diagram of the same.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-11"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>The word <strong>phage</strong> means ’to eat'.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-12"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Viruses parasitising bacteria are called <strong>bacteriophages</strong>.</p> <ul> <li>These viruses do not actually eat bacteria.</li> <li>They infect and replicate within the bacteria.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-13"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-193.jpg?height=657&width=552&top_left_y=1112&top_left_x=564"></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-14"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Which bacterium has been used as a clot buster?</p> <ul> <li>What is its mode of action?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-15"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The bacterium Streptococcus that produces streptokinase is used as a ‘clot buster’.</p> <ul> <li>This enzyme has a fibrinolytic action that breaks down the clots formed in the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction.</li> <li>This prevents heart attack in these patients that can otherwise occur because of occlusion by the clots.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-16"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What are biofertilisers?</p> <ul> <li>Give two examples.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil.</p> <ul> <li>The main source of biofertilizers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria, e.g.,</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryshort-answer-type-questionsprimary-18"><Primary>Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(i) Azospirillum, Rhizobium and Azotobacter can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.</p> <p>(ii) Blue-green algae like Anabaena, Nostoc, Occilatoria add organic matter to the soil and responsible for increase its fertility.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why is aerobic degradation more important than anaerobic degradation for the treatment of large volumes of wastewaters rich in organic matter.</p> <ul> <li>Discuss.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Aerobic degradation is more important as naturally occurring aerobic and facultative microbes (bacteria, fungi, Protozoa and others) in the waste water can rapidly oxidise soluble organic and nitrogenous compounds.</p> <ul> <li>Mechanical addition of oxygen makes the process faster and most of the pathogenic content of the effluent is removed.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> (a) Discuss about the major programs that the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, has initiated for saving major Indian rivers from pollution. <br> (b) Ganga has recently been declared the national river.</p> <ul> <li>Discuss, the implication with respect to pollution of this river.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> <strong>(a)</strong> Prior to year 1985, only few cities and towns had sewage treatment plants.</p> <ul> <li>Most of the sewage water of urban as well as rural areas was discharged directly into rivers resulting in their pollution.</li> <li>Importance of microbial treatment of sewage was then realised and more sewage treatment plants were established.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <ul> <li> <p>Still, they are not sufficient due to increasing urbanisation and production of much larger quantities of sewage as compared to earlier days.</p> </li> <li> <p>Realising the importance of microbes in pollution control, the Ministry of Environment and forests has initiated development of sewage treatment plants under the National River Conservation Authority.</p> </li> <li> <p>E.g., <strong>Ganga Action Plan</strong> (GAP) and <strong>Yamuna Action Plan</strong> (YAP) to save these major rivers of our country from pollution.</p> </li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>(b)</strong> The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was a program launched in April, 1986 in order to reduce the pollution load on the river.</p> <ul> <li>A steering committee of the National River Conservation Authority reviewed the progress of the GAP and necessary correction.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Scientists and religious leaders have speculated on the causes of the river’s apparent self-purification effect, in which water-borne diseases such as dysentery and cholera are eliminated by killing thin caused organisms.</li> <li>Thus preventing large-scale epidemics.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Some studies have reported that the river retains more oxygen than is typical for comparable rivers; this could be a factor leading to fewer disease agents being present in the water.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>National River Ganga Basin Authority (NRGBA) was established by the Central Government of India, on 20th February 2009 Under Section 3(3) of The Environment Protection Act, 1986.</li> <li>It also declared Ganges as the National, river of India.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Draw a diagrammatic sketch of biogas plant and label its various components given below gas holder, sludge chamber, digester, dung + water chamber.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-11"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The raw material for biogas production is excreta (dung) of cattle.</p> <ul> <li>The biogas plant has a concrete tank (10-15 feet deep) in which bio-wastes and slurry of dung is collected.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-12"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-195.jpg?height=608&width=942&top_left_y=560&top_left_x=369"></p> <p><strong>A typical biogas plant</strong></p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-13"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>The tank has a floating cover which rises on production of gas in the tank.</li> <li>Methanobacterium in the dung act on the bio-wastes to produce biogas.</li> <li>The gas produced is supplied to nearby houses by an outlet.</li> <li>Through another outlet, the spent slurry is removed to be used as fertiliser.</li> <li>Biogas is used as fuel for cooking and lighting.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-14"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Describe the main ideas behind the biological control of pests and diseases.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-15"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> It’s a natural and eco-friendly concept.</p> <ul> <li>If employs the use of organisms to control the population of pathogens and pests in an ecosystem.</li> <li>Classical examples are Trichoderma which is antagonist, i.e., against many soil borne plant pathogens.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-16"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Similarly, Penicillium inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus and therefore has been successfully used in the production of penicillin antibiotic to control many human bacterial pathogens.</li> <li>Bacillus thuringiensis acts as biopesticide to control insect.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Baculovirus used as biological control agents in genus Nucleo-polyhedrovirus are excellent for species-specific-narrow spectrum insecticidal application.</li> <li>The overall biological control of pest is considered much more beneficial in an ecological sensitive area.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-18"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> (a) What would happen if a large volume of untreated sewage is discharged into a river? <br> (b) In what way anaerobic sludge diagestion is important in sewage treatments?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-19"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (a) If untreated sewage is discharged directly into rivers it will lead to serious pollution of the waters with organic matter and pathogenic bacteria, Protozoa and many other diseaser.</p> <ul> <li>This water, if used, will cause outbreaks of water borne diseases.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-20"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p>(b) In anaerobic sludge digestion, anaerobic bacteria, digest the aerobic bacteria and the fungi in the sludge and the remaining organic matter.</p> <ul> <li>During this digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide.</li> <li>These gases (biogas) can be used as source of energy as it is inflammable.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-21"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Which type of food would have lactic acid bacteria?</p> <ul> <li>Discuss their useful application.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-22"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The most common food item that are curd, and yoghurt contain Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) of Lactobacillus species.</p> <ul> <li>Curd is formed by adding a small amount of curd to milk, which acts as a starter.</li> <li>Microbes present in starter multiply at suitable temperature and convert milk into curd.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarylong-answer-type-questionsprimary-23"><Primary>Long Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p>Acids released by $L A B$ during the growth coagulate and partially digest milk protein, casein thus increases the digestibility of milk protein.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Application of LAB</strong></p> </li> </ul> <p>(i) Improves nutritional quality of milk by increasing vitamin- $B_{12}$.</p> <p>(ii) Checks disease-causing microbes in stomach.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Long answer type questions</span> </div> </font>