<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (d)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-1"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Fungi form symbiotic association with the roots of higher plants called mycorrhiza (VAM) e.g, Glomus.</p> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-2"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>The fungal hyphae symbiont in these associations absorb phosphorus from soil and passes it to the plant.</li> <li>Plants having such associations show other benefits also, such as resistance to root-borne pathogens, tolerance to salinity and draught, and an overall increase in plant growth and development.</li> <li>Mycorrhiza does not help the host plant in increasing its resistance to insects.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-3"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Which one of the following is not a nitrogen-fixing organism?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Anabaena <br> (b) Nostoc <br> (c) Azotobacter <br> (d) Pseudomonas </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-4"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (d)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-5"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Pseudomonas is a dentrifying bacteria, which convert ammonia and nitrates into free nitrogen, i.e., these denitrifying bacteria are responsible to liberate free nitrogen in the environment through nitrogen in the environment through nitrogen cycle.</p> <ul> <li>Other options (a), (b) and (c) show nitrogen fixing organisms.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-6"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <ul> <li> <p>Azospirillum and Azotobacter are free-living bacteria, which absorb free nitrogen from soil, air and convert it into salts of nitrogen like amino acids and enrich soil nutrients</p> </li> <li> <p>Cyanobacteria are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments, many of which can fix atmospheric nitrogen, e.g., Nostoc, Anabaena Oscillatoria, etc.</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-7"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Big holes in Swiss cheese are made by a</p> <p class="fragment">(a) A machine <br> (b) A bacterium that produces methane gas <br> (c) A bacterium producing a large amount of carbon dioxide <br> (d) A fungus that releases a lot of gases during its metabolic activities </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-8"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>Different varieties of cheese are known by their characteristic texture, flavour and taste, the specificity coming from the microbes used.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-9"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (c)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-10"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> The large holes in ‘Swiss cheese’ are due to production of a large amount of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ by a bacterium named Propionibacterium sharmanii.</p> <ul> <li>Other options are in correct.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-11"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The residue left after methane production from cattle dung is</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Burnt <br> (b) Burried in land fills <br> (c) Used as manure <br> (d) Used in civil construction </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-12"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (c)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-13"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> The raw material for biogas production is excreta (dung) of cattle.</p> <ul> <li>The biogas plant consists of a concrete tank (10-15 feet deep) in which bio-wastes are collected and a slurry of dung is fed.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-14"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>A floating cover is placed over the slurry, which keeps on rising as the gas is produced in the tank due to the microbial activity.</li> <li>Methanobacterium in the dung act on the bio-wastes to produce bio-gas.</li> <li>The gas produced is supplied to nearby houses by an outlet.</li> <li>Through another outlet, the spent slurry is removed to be used as manure.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-15"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Methanogens do not produce</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Oxygen <br> (b) Methane <br> (c) Hydrogen sulphide <br> (d) Carbon dioxide </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-16"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (a)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-17"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> In the digesters (during secondary treatment of waste water), heterotrophic microbes (methanogens) anaerobically digest bacteria and fungi in sludge producing mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and $CO_{2}$ which form the biogas.</p> <ul> <li>The $O_{2}$ is not produced by methanogens.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-18"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Activated sludge should have the ability to settle quickly so that it can</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Be rapidly pumped back from sedimentation tank to aeration tank <br> (b) Absorb pathogenic bacteria present in waste water while sinking to the bottom of the settling tank <br> (c) Be discarded and anaerobically digested <br> (d) Absorb colloidal organic matter </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-19"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (a)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-20"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> In the secondary treatment of waste water, when BOD of sewage has reduced, the effluent is passed into setting tank.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Here, the bacterial flocs settle and the sediment is called activated sludge.</p> </li> <li> <p>A small part of the sludge is used as an inoculum in the aeration tank and the remaining part is passed into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters.</p> </li> <li> <p>That’s why activated sludge should have the ability to settle quickly.</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-21"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="5"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Match the following columns.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Column I</th> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left">Column II</th> <th style="text-align:left"></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">A.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Lady bird</td> <td style="text-align:left">1.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Methanobacterium</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">B.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Mycorrhiza</td> <td style="text-align:left">2.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Trichoderma</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">C.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Biological control</td> <td style="text-align:left">3.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Aphids</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">D.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Biogas</td> <td style="text-align:left">4.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Glomus</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-22"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Codes</strong></p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left">A</th> <th style="text-align:left">B</th> <th style="text-align:left">C</th> <th style="text-align:left">D</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(a)</td> <td style="text-align:left">2</td> <td style="text-align:left">4</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(b)</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> <td style="text-align:left">4</td> <td style="text-align:left">2</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(c)</td> <td style="text-align:left">4</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> <td style="text-align:left">2</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(d)</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> <td style="text-align:left">2</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> <td style="text-align:left">4</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-23"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (b)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-24"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="5"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong></p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left">Column I</th> <th style="text-align:left">Column II</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">A.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Lady bird</td> <td style="text-align:left">Aphids</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">B.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Mycorrhiza</td> <td style="text-align:left">Glomus</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">C.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Biological control</td> <td style="text-align:left">Trichoderma</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">D.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Biogas</td> <td style="text-align:left">Methanobacterium</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul> <li><strong>Ladybird</strong> is the very familiar beetle with red and black markings, used to get rid of Aphids.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-25"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Fungi</strong> form symbiotic association, with the roots of higher plants called mycorrhiza, e.g., Glomus.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>A biological control</strong> being developed for use in the treatment of plant disease is the fungus Trichoderma.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Methanogens</strong>, particularly Methanobacterium, are found in cowdung.</p> </li> <li> <p>These bacteria grow anaerobically on cellulosic material and produce large amount of methane along with $CO_{2}$ and $H_{2}$.</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-1"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why does ‘Swiss cheese’ have big holes?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-2"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>Different varieties of bakery like bread and cheese are known by their characteristic texture, flavour and taste, the specificity coming from the microbes used.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-3"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> The large holes in ‘Swiss cheese’ are due to production of a large amount of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ by a bacterium named Propionibacterium sharmanii.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What are fermentors?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-5"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> For large scale production of biotechnological products, e.g., antibiotics, beverages) in industries, microbes are grown in very large vessels called fermentors or bioreactors.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-6"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_24_136af43fdd62bf9dcffdg-188.jpg?height=298&width=376&top_left_y=842&top_left_x=657"></p> <p><strong>Fermentors</strong></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-7"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Name a microbe used for statin production.</p> <ul> <li>How do statins lower blood cholesterol level?</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-8"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Statins are bioactive molecules, produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus.</p> <ul> <li>These bioactive molecules have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents.</li> <li>It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why do we prefer to call secondary waste water treatment as biological treatment?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-10"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Secondary waste water treatment is called biological treatment because microorganisms are involved in the breakdown of organic matter in this phase of waste water treatment.</p> <ul> <li>The primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where the organic matter in it is consumed by aerobic microbes which are later themselves digested by anaerobic bacteria and fungi in anaerobic sludge digesters.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-11"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What for nucleopolyhedro viruses are being used now a-days?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-12"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Several methods of biological control are being used in the pest management to keep the pollution-free environment and yield clean, non-toxic and good quality products for human consumption.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-13"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li><strong>Baculoviruses</strong> are a group of viruses used as biological control agents that occur naturally and are specific to some insects.</li> <li>Most of the baculoviruses belong to the genus Nucleopolyhedro virus.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-14"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>These viruses are excellent candidates for species-specific, narrow spectrum insecticidal applications.</li> <li>They have been shown to have no negative impacts on plants, mammals, birds fish or even on non-target insects.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-15"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>This is especially desirable when beneficial insects are being conserved to aid in an overall Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Programme or when an ecologically sensitive area is being treated.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-16"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> How has the discovery of antibiotics helped mankind in the field of medicine?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Antibiotics produced by microbes are regarded as one of the most significant discoveries of the twentieth century and have greatly contributed towards the welfare of the human society.</p> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-18"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Anti is a Gk. word that means ‘against’ and bio means ’life’, together they mean ‘against life’ (in the context of disease causing organisms); whereas with reference to human beings, they are ‘pro life’ and not against.</li> <li>Antibiotics are chemical substances, which are produced by some microbes and can kill or retard the growth of other (disease-causing) microbes.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-19"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Antibiotics have greatly improved our capacity to treat deadly diseases such as plague, whooping cough (Kali khansi), diphtheria (Gal ghotu) and leprosy (Kusht rog), which had killed millions all over the globe.</li> <li>Today, we can not imagine a world without antibiotics.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-20"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Why is distillation required for producing certain alcoholic drinks?</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-21"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> Depending on the type of the raw material used for fermentation and the type of processing (with or without distillation) different types of alcoholic drinks are obtained</p> <ul> <li>Wine and beer are produced without distillation whereas whiskey, brandy and rum are produced by distillation of the fermented broth.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>