<div> <h4 id="successchaptersuccess"><Success>Chapter</Success></h4> <h4 id="successmicrobes-in-human-welfaresuccess"><Success>Microbes in Human Welfare</Success></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> </div>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-1"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The vitamin whose content increases following the conversion of milk into curd by lactic acid bacteria is</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Vitamin-C <br> (b) Vitamin-D <br> (c) Vitamin- $B_{12}$ <br> (d) Vitamin-E </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-2"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (c)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-3"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Microorganisms such as Lactobacillus and others commonly called Lactic Acid Bacteria ( $L A B$ ) grow it milk and convert into curd.</p> <ul> <li>During growth, the $L A B$ produce acids that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-4"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>A small amount of curd added to the fresh milk as inoculum or starter contain millions of $L A B$, which at suitable temperature multiply, thus, converting milk to curd, which also improves its nutritional quality by increasing vitamin- $\mathrm{B}_{12}$.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-5"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li><strong>Note</strong> In our stomach, the LAB play other options are not related with LAB bacteria beneficial role in checking disease causing microbes.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-6"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Waste water treatment generates a large quantity of sludge, which can be treated by</p> <p class="fragment">(a) An aerobic digesters <br> (b) Floc <br> (c) Chemicals <br> (d) Oxidation pond </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-7"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>The treatment of waste water is divided into three phases-pre treatment, primary treatment and secondary treatment.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-8"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (a)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-9"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Sludge is further treated by unaerobic digesters.</p> <ul> <li>These are large heated tanks in which its chemical decomposition is catalysed by microorganisms.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-10"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>The liquid is treated by bacteria which breakdown the organic matter remaining in solution.</li> <li>It is then sent to <strong>oxidation ponds</strong> where heterotrophic bacteria continue the breakdown of the organics and solar UV light destroys the harmful bacteria.</li> <li>Chemical are not used in fhere treatments.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-11"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Methanogenic bacteria are not found in</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Rumen of cattle <br> (b) Gobar gas plant <br> (c) Bottom of water-logged paddy fields <br> (d) Activated sludge </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-12"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (d)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-13"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Methanogenic bacteria (that produce methane) are not found in activated sludge.</p> <ul> <li>The microbes present in the activated sludge are aerobic bacteria that grow rapidly and form flocs.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-14"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>During secondary treatment of wastewater it is in the digestors where other kinds of bacteria which grow anaerobically, digest the bacteria and the fungi in the sludge producing mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ which form the biogas.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-15"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="5"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Match the following column of bacteria and their commercially important products.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left">Column I <br> (Bacterium)</th> <th style="text-align:center"></th> <th style="text-align:left">Column II <br> (Product)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">A.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Aspergillus niger</td> <td style="text-align:center">1.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Lactic acid</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">B.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Acerobacter aceti</td> <td style="text-align:center">2.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Butyric acid</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">C.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Clostridium butylicum</td> <td style="text-align:center">3.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Acetic acid</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">D.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Lactobacillus</td> <td style="text-align:center">4.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Citric acid</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-16"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Codes</strong></p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">A</th> <th style="text-align:left">B</th> <th style="text-align:left">C</th> <th style="text-align:left">D</th> <th style="text-align:left">A</th> <th style="text-align:left">B</th> <th style="text-align:left">C</th> <th style="text-align:left">D</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(a) 2</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> <td style="text-align:left">4</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> <td style="text-align:left">(b) 2</td> <td style="text-align:left">4</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(c) 4</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> <td style="text-align:left">2</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> <td style="text-align:left">(d) 4</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> <td style="text-align:left">2</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-17"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (c)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-18"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="5"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Following is the list of bacteria and their commercially important products</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left">Column I <br> (Bacterium)</th> <th style="text-align:left">Column <br> (Product)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">A.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Aspergillus niger</td> <td style="text-align:left">Citric acid</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">B.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Acetobacter aceti</td> <td style="text-align:left">Acetic acid</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">C.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Clostridium butylicum</td> <td style="text-align:left">Butyric acid</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">D.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Lactobacillus</td> <td style="text-align:left">Lactic acid</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-19"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Match the following column of bioactive substances and their roles.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Column I <br> (Bioactive Substance)</th> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left">Column II <br> (Role)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">A.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Statin</td> <td style="text-align:left">1.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Removal of oil stains</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-20"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Column I <br> (Bioactive Substance)</th> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left">Column II <br> (Role)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">B.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Cyclosporin A</td> <td style="text-align:left">2.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Removal of clots from blood vessels</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">C.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Streptokinase</td> <td style="text-align:left">3.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Lowering of blood cholesterol</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-21"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Column I <br> (Bioactive Substance)</th> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left">Column II <br> (Role)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">D.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Lipase</td> <td style="text-align:left">4.</td> <td style="text-align:left">Immuno-suppressive agent</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><Success>Ques. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-22"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="5"> <p>Choose the correct match</p> <p><strong>Codes</strong></p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"></th> <th style="text-align:left">A</th> <th style="text-align:left">B</th> <th style="text-align:left">C</th> <th style="text-align:left">D</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(a)</td> <td style="text-align:left">2</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> <td style="text-align:left">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(b)</td> <td style="text-align:left">4</td> <td style="text-align:left">2</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(c)</td> <td style="text-align:left">4</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> <td style="text-align:left">2</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">(d)</td> <td style="text-align:left">1</td> <td style="text-align:left">2</td> <td style="text-align:left">3</td> <td style="text-align:left">4</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-23"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (d)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-24"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="5"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Following is the column of bioactive substances and their roles</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:center">Column I <br> (Bioactivesubstances)</th> <th style="text-align:center">Column <br> (Role)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">A. Statin</td> <td style="text-align:center">Lowering of blood cholesterol</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">B. Cyclosporin-A</td> <td style="text-align:center">Immuno-suppressive agent</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">C. Streptokinase</td> <td style="text-align:center">Removal of clots from blood vessels</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-25"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:center">Column I <br> (Bioactivesubstances)</th> <th style="text-align:center">Column <br> (Role)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">D. Lipase</td> <td style="text-align:center">Removal of oil stains</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul> <li>Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood cholesterol lowering agents.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-26"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>Cyclosporin A, produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-27"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p>Streptokinase produced by the bacterium Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering is used as a ‘clot buster’ for removing clots from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infaction leading to heart attack.</p> </li> <li> <p>Lipases are used in detergent formulations and are helpful in removing oily stains from the laundry.</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-28"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The primary treatment of waste water involves the removal of</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Dissolved impurities <br> (b) Stable particles <br> (c) Toxic substances <br> (d) Harmful bacteria </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-29"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (b)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-30"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> The primary treatment of waste water involves physical removal of both larger and small particles (stable particles) from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation.</p> <ul> <li>These are removed in stages; initially, floating debris is removed by sequential filtration.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-31"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li> <p>Then the grit (soil and small pebbles) are removed by sedimentation.</p> </li> <li> <p>All solids that settle form the primary sludge and the supernatant forms the effluent.</p> </li> <li> <p>The effluent is taken for the secondary treatment.</p> </li> <li> <p>The primary treatment does not remove the dissolved impurities (a), toxic substances (c) and harmful bacteria (d).</p> </li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-32"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> BOD of waste water is estimated by measuring the amount of</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Total organic matter <br> (b) Biodegradable organic matter <br> (c) Oxygen evolution <br> (d) Oxygen consumption </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-33"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (d)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-34"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) refers to the amount of the oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of water were oxidised by bacteria.</p> <ul> <li>Other options (a) (b) and (c) are incorrect.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-35"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Which one of the following alcoholic drinks is produced without distillation?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Wine <br> (b) Whisky <br> (c) Rum <br> (d) Brandy </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-36"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (a)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-37"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Wine and beer are produced without distillation whereas whisky, brandy and rum are produced by distillation of the fermented broth.</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-38"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The technology of biogas production from cow dung was developed in India largely due to the efforts of</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Gas Authority of India <br> (b) Oil and Natural Gas Commission <br> (c) Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Khadi and Village Industries Commission <br> (d) Indian Oil Corporation </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-39"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (c)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-40"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Cattle dung is used for the production of biogas, commonly called gobar gas.</p> <ul> <li>The technology of biogas production from cowdung was developed in India mainly due to the efforts of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC).</li> <li>Other options (a), (b) and (d) did not play any role is this.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-41"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> The free-livings fungus Trichoderma can be used for</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Killing insects <br> (b) Biological control of plant diseases <br> (c) Controlling butterfly caterpillars <br> (d) Producing antibiotics </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-42"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (b)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-43"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Trichoderma species are free-living fungi that are very common in soil.</p> <ul> <li>They are effective biocontrol agents of several soil borne plant pathogens other options are incorrect</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-44"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <font size ="6"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> What would happen if oxygen availability to activated sludge flocs is reduced?</p> <p class="fragment">(a) I will slow down the rate of degradation of organic matter <br> (b) The center of flocs will become anoxic, which would cause death of bacteria and eventually breakage of flocs <br> (c) Flocs would increase in size as anaerobic bacterial would grow around flocs <br> (d) Protozoa would grow in large numbers </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-45"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Thinking Process</strong></p> <ul> <li>During secondary treatment, the primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it.</li> <li>This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs (masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh like structures).</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-46"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ans.</strong> (b)</p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-47"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Sol.</strong> Activated sludge microorganisms need oxygen as they oxidise wastes to obtain energy for growth.</p> <ul> <li>Insufficient oxygen will slow down or kill off aerobic microorganisms, make facultative organisms work less efficiently and ultimately lead to the breakage of flocs.</li> </ul> <p><Success>Sol. to be continued</Success></p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-48"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <ul> <li>It will also result in the production of the foul-smelling byproducts of anaerobic decomposition.</li> <li>So, sufficient oxygen must always be maintained in the aeration tank to ensure complete waste stabilisation.</li> </ul> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>

<div style='text-align : center'> <Success><font size="5"><b>Microbes in Human Welfare</b></font></Success> </div> <h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-49"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4> <hr> <div class="text-container"> <p><strong>Ques.</strong> Mycorrhiza does not help the host plant in</p> <p class="fragment">(a) Enhancing its phosphorus uptake capacity <br> (b) Increasing its tolerance to drought <br> (c) Enhancing its resistance to root pathogens <br> (d) Increasing its resistance to insects </p> </font> </div> <hr> <font size ="4"> <div style='text-align : center'> <span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions </div> </font>