Chapter 1 Part 2: Reproduction in Organisms

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<Success><font size="5"><b>Reproduction in Organisms</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-20"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
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<p><strong>Sol.</strong> Asexual reproduction occurs usually in unicellular organisms by various ways like binary fission, budding, sporulation, etc.</p>
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<p>In this method, a single parent produces offspring with or without the involvement of gametes.</p>
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<p>Members of the kingdom fungi and simple plants reproduce through special asexual reproductive structures like conidia (Penicillium) buds (Hydra) etc.</p>
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<p>The most common of these structures are zoospores that are microscopic motile structures.</p>
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<p>All other options are correct.</p>
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<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Reproduction in Organisms</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primarymultiple-choice-questions-mcqsprimary-26"><Primary>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)</Primary></h4>
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<p><strong>Sol.</strong> The whole plant body of maize plant including shoot tip cells remains in diploid (2n) condition.</p>
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<p>As the microspore mother cell is a part of reproductive organ, the chromosome number in these cells will remain same as the individual.</p>
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<p>i.e., $2 n=20$.</p>
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<p>These microspore mother cells are further responsible for producing male gametes, i.e., haploid $(n)$ by reduction division.</p>
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<span style="color:blue">Multiple choice questions (MCQs)</span> $\rightarrow$ Very short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Reproduction in Organisms</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-4"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4>
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<p><strong>Ans.</strong> The reproduction is called <strong>asexual</strong>, when offspring is produced by a single parent with or without the involvement of gamete formation.</p>
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<p>As a result, the offspring that are produced are not only similar to one another, but are also exact copies of their parent.</p>
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<p>Such a group of morphologically and genetically similar individuals is called <strong>clone</strong>.</p>
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Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Reproduction in Organisms</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-9"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4>
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<p><strong>Ans.</strong> In a lifespan, the organism has to grow and develop (the juvenile phase).</p>
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<p>After that the organism mature sexually and enter into the reproductive phase, before it undergoes senescence followed by death.</p>
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<p>Since, the entire life cycle of an annual plant is shorter and has to be completed in one growing season, its juvenile phase is shorter than that of a perennial plant.</p>
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Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Reproduction in Organisms</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-17"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4>
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<p><strong>Ans.</strong> No, presence of large number of chromosomes in an organism is not a hindrance to sexual reproduction.</p>
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<p>Ophioglossum (a fern) has chromosome number 1260, still it can reproduce sexually.</p>
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<p>In higher organisms, the chromosomes are present in a compartment called nucleus, within the cell.</p>
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<p>Whether the number is small or large, the chromosomes are duplicated and then segregated inside this compartment, during cell division.</p>
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<p>The basis of sexual reproduction is generation of haploid gametes.</p>
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Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
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<Success><font size="5"><b>Reproduction in Organisms</b></font></Success>
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<h4 id="primaryvery-short-answer-type-questionsprimary-24"><Primary>Very Short Answer Type Questions</Primary></h4>
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<p>A -Chasmogamous flower (the flowers remain open, exposing anthers and stigmas).</p>
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<p>B-Cleistogamous flowers (the flowers remain closed, so that anthers and stigmas are never exposed) following are the types of pollination that will occur in these flowers.</p>
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<p>(i) Autogamy (within same flower)</p>
<p>(ii) Geitonogamy (different flowers of same plant)</p>
<p>(iii) Xenogamy (different plants)</p>
<p><Success>Ans. to be continued</Success></p>
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Multiple choice questions (MCQs) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Very short answer type questions</span> $\rightarrow$ Short answer type questions $\rightarrow$ Long answer type questions
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