SATHEE: Syllabus for JEE (Main)

Syllabus for JEE (Main) -2024

PHYSICS

The syllabus contains two Section- A and B, Section - A pertains to the Theory Part having 80% weightage, while Sections - B contains practical component (Experimental Skills) having 20 % Weightage.

UNIT 20: EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS

Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:
1. Vernier calipers-its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
2. Screw gauge-its use to determine thicknes/ diameter of thin sheet/wire.
3. Simple pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time.
4. Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments.
5. Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
6. Surf ace tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents.
7. Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
8. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube.
9. Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
10. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge.
11. The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law.
12. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
13. The focal length of:
(i) Convex mirror
(ii) Concave mirror, and
(iii) Convex lens, using the parallax method.
15. The plot of the angle ofdeviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
15. Refractive index of a glass slab usinq a travelling microscope.
16. characteristic curves of a p-njunction diode in forward and reverse bias.
17. characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.
18. Identificationn of Diode, LED. Resistor. A capacitor from a mixed collection of such items

CHEMISTRY

UNIT I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory: Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound: Laws of chemical combination; atomic and molecular masses; mole concept; molar mass; percentage composition; empirical and molecular formulae; chemical equations and stoichiometry.

UNIT II: Atomic Structure

Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates,derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; Dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the atom, its important features. Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions: Variation of 𝚿 and 𝚿² with r for ls and 2s orbitals: various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number: Rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle. Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals'

UNIT III: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy. Covalent Bonding: concept of electronegativity. Fajan's rule, dipole moment: valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules. Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important features. the concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; Resonance. Molecular orbital Theory - Its important features. LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept of bond order, bond length, and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its application

UNIT IV: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

Fundamentals of thermodynamics: system and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes. The first law of thermodynamics - concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess's laws of constant heat summation; Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization, and solution. The second law of thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes: ΔS of the universe and ΔG of the system as criteria for spontaneity. ΔG° (Standard Gibbs energy change) and equiliribrium constant.

UNIT V : SOLUTIONS

Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions, colligative properties of dilute solutions -a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of mass freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, van't Hoff factor and its significance.

UNIT VI: Equilibrium

Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid - gas and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law. General characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes. Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (K_P and K_C) and their significance, the significance of ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium, factors affecting equilibrium - concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's principle. Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water. pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, the solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions.

UNIT VII: REDOX REACTIONS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions. Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law and its applications. Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement: Nernst equation and its applications; Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change: Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells.

UNIT VIII: CHEMICAL KINETICS

Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, the effect of temperature on the rate of reactions, Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).

SECTION-B INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT IX: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES

Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.

UNIT X: P- BLOCK ELEMENTS

Group -13 to Group 18 Elements General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group.

UNIT XI: d - and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS

Transition Elements General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties, and uses of K₂CrO₇, and KMnO₄. Inner Transition Elements Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states.

UNIT XII: CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS

Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner's theory; ligands, co-ordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; Importance of co-ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems).

SECTION-C ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT XIII: PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography - principles and their applications. Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens. Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae: Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis.

UNIT XIV: SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p), Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur; Homologous series: Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism. Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC); Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions; stability of earbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles. Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation. Common types of organic reactions - Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement

UNIT XV: HYDROCARBONS

Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions. Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane): Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes. Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism: Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and peroxide effect): Ozonolysis and polymerization. Alkynes - Acidic character: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides: Polymerization. Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity, Mechanism of electrophilic substitution, halogenation, nitration. Friedel - Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in monosubstituted benzene

UNIT XVI: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS

General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons, and DDT.

UNIT XVII: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, AND ETHERS Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols: mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation. nitration and sulphonation. Reimer - Tiemann reaction. Ethers: Structure. Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH₃, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation, reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen); the acidity of α-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction. Haloform reaction, Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones. Carboxylic Acids Acidic strength and factors affecting it

UNIT XVIII: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN

General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses. Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character. Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

UNIT XIX: BIOMOLECULES

General introduction and importance of biomolecules. CARBOHYDRATES - Classification; aldoses and ketoses: monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose). PROTEINS - Elementary Idea of α-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides. Proteins:primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes. VITAMINS — Classification and functions. NUCLEIC ACIDS - Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids. Hormones (General introduction)

UNIT XX: PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY

Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds; Detection of the following functional groups; hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl, and amino groups in organic compounds.
The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following:
Inorganic compounds; Mohr's salt, potash alum.
Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.
The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises — Acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic acid vs KMnO₄, Mohr's salt vs KMnO₄
Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis:
Cations - Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, A1³⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺
Anions- CO₃^2-, S^2-, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NO₂^-, Cl^-, Br^-, Insoluble salts excluded.
Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:
1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO⁴
2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base.
3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.
4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature

Syllabus for JEE (Main) Paper 2A (B.Arch.) - Mathematics, Aptitude Test, and Drawing Test

UNIT 1: SETS, RELATIONS, AND FUNCTIONS:

Sets and their representation: Union, intersection, complement of sets, Power set algebraic properties of sets Relation Type of relations, equivalence relations one-one, into and onto functions, the composition of functions

UNIT 2: COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS:

Introduction to Complex Numbers, Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals Representation of complex numbers in the form a + ib and their representation in a plane, modulus algebra of complex number, Argand diagram,and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, Quadratic equations in real system and their solutions Relations between roots and co-efficient, nature of roots the formation of quadratic equations with given roots.

UNIT3: MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS:

Matrices, algebra of matrices, type of matrices,and matrices of order two and three, determinants evaluation of determinants,Adjoint, and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants area of triangles using determinants Test of consistency solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using matrices.

UNIT 4: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS:

The fundamental principle of counting permutation as an arrangement and combination as selection, Meaning of P (n,r) and C (n,r) Simple applications

UNIT 5: BINOMIAL THEOREM AND ITS SIMPLE APPLICATIONS:

Binomial theorem for a positive integral index general term and middle term simple applications

UNIT 6: SEQUENCE AND SERIES:

Arithmetic and Geometric progressions,insertion of arithmetic means between two given numbers geometric means between two given numbers Relation between A.M and G.M

UNIT 7: LIMIT, CONTINUITY, AND DIFFERENTIABILITY:

functions, Graphs of simple functions algebra of functions, rational polynomial function Trigonometric function inverse function. Limits continuity and differentiability Differentiation of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions, Differentiation of trigonometric functions logarithmic Functions & its Derivatives Differentiation of Exponential, inverse trigonometric and implicit functions Differentiation of composite function derivatives of order up to two Rate of change of quantities, Applications of derivatives increasing and decreasing functions Maxima and minima of functions of one variable

UNIT 8: INTEGRAL CALCULAS:

Integral as an anti-derivative, fundamental theorem of calculus Fundamental integral involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithms functions. Integrations by substitution Integration by parts, and by partial fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities. Evaluation of simple integrals of the type ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2+𝑎2 , ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 2 ± 𝑎2 , ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑎2− 𝑥 2 , ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √𝑎2− 𝑥 2 , ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑥2+𝑏𝑥+𝑐 ,∫ 𝑑𝑥 √𝑎𝑥2+ 𝑏𝑥+𝑐 , ∫ (𝑝𝑥+𝑞)𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑥2+𝑏𝑥+𝑐 , ∫ (𝑝𝑥+𝑞)𝑑𝑥 √𝑎𝑥2+ 𝑏𝑥+𝑐 Evaluation of simple integrals of the type ∫ √𝑎 2 ± 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 , ∫√𝑥 2 − 𝑎 2 𝑑𝑥 . The properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form.

UNIT 9: DIFFRENTIAL EQUATIONS

Ordinary differential equations, their order, and degree, the solution of differential equation by the method of separation of variables solution of linear differential equation of the type 𝑑𝑦/ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)

UNIT 10: CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane,sections formula,distance formula, the slope of a line locus equation of line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axis. Straight line Various forms of equations of a line, angles between two lines intersection of lines conditions for concurrence of three lines the distance of a point from a line co-ordinate of the centroid, orthocentre, and circumcentre of a triangle. Circle, conic sections A standard form of equations of a circle, the general form of the equation of a circle,its radius central equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin sections of conics, equations of parabola in standard form equations of ellipse in standard forms equations of hyperbola in standard forms

UNIT 11: THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

Coordinates of a point in space,directions ratios, and direction cosines, the angle between two intersecting lines, the distance between two points, section formula Skew lines the shortest distance between them Skew lines, the shortest distance between them, and its equation. Equations of a line

UNIT 12: VECTOR ALGEBRA

Vectors and scalars, the addition of vectors components of a vector in two dimensions and threedimensional space scalar products vector products

UNIT 13: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Measures of discretion;calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data , mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data calculation of standard deviation, variance, for grouped and ungrouped data Probability: Probability of an event addition theorems of probability multiplication theorems of probability Baye's theorem, probability distribution of a random variate

UNIT 14: TRIGONOMETRY

Trigonometrical identities and trigonometrical functions inverse trigonometrical functions properties of inverse trigonometrical functions

Part –II APTITUDE TEST

UNIT - 1

Awareness of persons. Buildings, Materials,Objects, Texture related to Architecture and Build-environment, Visualizing threedimensional objects from two-dimensional drawings. Visualizing. Different sides of threedimensional objects. Analytical Reasoning Mental Ability (Visual. Numerical and Verbal)

UNIT - 2

Three dimensional- perception: Understanding and appreciation of scale and proportions of objects, building forms and elements, colour texture harmony and contrast Design and drawing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil. Transformation of forms both 2D and 3D union, subtraction rotation, development of surfaces and volumes, Generation of plans, elevations, and 3D views of objects, creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms.

Part - III PLANNING

UNIT-1 GENERAL AWARENESS

General knowledge questions and knowledge about prominent cities, development issues, government programs, etc.

UNIT-2 SOCIAL SCIENCES

The idea of nationalism, nationalism in India, pre-modern world, 19th -century global economy, colonialism, and colonial cities, industrialization, resources, and development, types of resources, agriculture, water, mineral resources, industries, national economy; Human Settlements Power-sharing, federalism, political parties, democracy, the constitution of India Economic development- economic sectors, globalization, the concept of development, poverty; Population structure, social exclusion, and inequality, urbanization, rural development, colonial cities.

UNIT-3 THINKING SKILLS

Comprehension (unseen passage); map reading skills, scale, distance, direction, area, etc.; critical reasoning; understanding of charts, graphs, and tables; basic concepts of statistics and quantitative reasoning.