<main> <p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;margin-top:12rem;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></p> </main>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Rising of dough is due to:</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Multiplication of yeast</p> <p>b. Production of $CO_2$</p> <p>c. Emulsification</p> <p>d. Hydrolysis of wheat flour starch into sugars.</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-1"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-1"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (b) Production of $CO_2$</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-2"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-2"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Which of the following enzymes catalyse the removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA?</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. endonuclease</p> <p>b. exonuclease</p> <p>c. DNA ligase</p> <p>d. Hind - II</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-3"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-3"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (b) exonuclease</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-4"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-4"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through the mediation of a viral vector is termed as:</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Transduction</p> <p>b. Conjugation</p> <p>c. Transformation</p> <p>d. Translation</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-5"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-5"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (a) Transduction</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-6"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-6"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Which of the given statements is correct in the context of visualizing DNA molecules separated by agarose gel electrophoresis?</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. DNA can be seen in visible light</p> <p>b. DNA can be seen without staining in visible light</p> <p>c. Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen in visible light</p> <p>d. Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen under exposure to UV light</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-7"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-7"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (d) Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen under exposure to UV light</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-8"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-8"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> ‘Restriction’ in Restriction enzyme refers to:</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Cleaving of phosphodiester bond in DNA by the enzyme</p> <p>b. Cutting of DNA at specific position only</p> <p>c. Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage by the host bacteria</p> <p>d. All of the above</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-9"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-9"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (c) Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage by the host bacteria</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-10"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-10"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Which of the following is not required in the preparation of a recombinant DNA molecule?</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Restriction endonuclease</p> <p>b. DNA ligase</p> <p>c. DNA fragments</p> <p>d. E.coli</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-11"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-11"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (d) E.coli</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-12"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-12"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules are separated on the basis of their:</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Charge only</p> <p>b. Size only</p> <p>c. Charge to size ratio</p> <p>d. All of the above</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-13"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-13"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (b) Size only</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-14"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-14"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> The most important feature in a plasmid to serve as a vector in gene cloning experiment is:</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Origin of replication (ori)</p> <p>b. Presence of a selectable marker</p> <p>c. Presence of sites for restriction endonuclease</p> <p>d. Its size</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-15"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-15"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (a) Origin of replication (ori)</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-16"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-16"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> While isolating DNA from bacteria, which of the following enzymes is not required?</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Lysozyme</p> <p>b. Ribonuclease</p> <p>c. Deoxyribonuclease</p> <p>d. Protease</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-17"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-17"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (c) Deoxyribonuclease</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-18"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-18"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Which of the following contributed in popularising the PCR (polymerase chain reactions) technique?</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Easy availability of DNA template</p> <p>b. Availability of synthetic primers</p> <p>c. Availability of cheap deoxyribonucleotides</p> <p>d. Availability of ‘Thermostable’ DNA polymerase</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-19"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-19"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (d) Availability of ‘Thermostable’ DNA polymerase</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-20"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-20"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of:</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Competent bacterial cells</p> <p>b. Transformed bacterial cells</p> <p>c. Recombinant bacterial cells</p> <p>d. None of the above</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-21"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-21"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (b) Transformed bacterial cells</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-22"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-22"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Significance of ‘heat shock’ method in bacterial transformation is to facilitate:</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Binding of DNA to the cell wall</p> <p>b. Uptake of DNA through membrane transport proteins</p> <p>c. Uptake of DNA through transient pores in the bacterial cell wall</p> <p>d. Expression of antibiotic resistance gene</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-23"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-23"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (c) Uptake of DNA through transient pores in the bacterial cell wall</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-24"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-24"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> The role of DNA ligase in the construction of a recombinant DNA molecule is:</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Formation of phosphodiester bond between two DNA fragments</p> <p>b. Formation of hydrogen bonds between sticky ends of DNA fragments</p> <p>c. Ligation of all purime and pyrimidine bases</p> <p>d. None of the above</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-25"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-25"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (a) Formation of phosphodiester bond between two DNA fragments</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-26"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-26"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Which of the following bacteria is not a source of restriction endonuclease?</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Haemophilus influenzae</p> <p>b. Escherichia coli</p> <p>c. Entamoeba coli</p> <p>d. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-27"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-27"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (c) Entamoeba coli</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-28"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-28"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Denaturation of template DNA</p> <p>b. Annealing of primers to template DNA</p> <p>c. Extension of primer end on the template DNA</p> <p>d. All of the above</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-29"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-29"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (c) Extension of primer end on the template DNA</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-30"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-30"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA molecule that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be:</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Human gene may have intron which bacteria cannot process</p> <p>b. Amino acid codons for humans and bacteria are different</p> <p>c. Human protein is formed but degraded by bacteria</p> <p>d. All of the above</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-31"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-31"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (a) Human gene may have intron which bacteria cannot process</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-32"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-32"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Which of the following should be chosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Laboratory flask of largest capacity</p> <p>b. A stirred-tank bioreactor without in-lets and out-lets</p> <p>c. A continuous culture system</p> <p>d. Any of the above</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-33"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-33"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (c) A continuous culture system</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-34"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-34"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Who among the following was awarded the Nobel Prize for the development of PCR technique?</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. Herbert Boyer</p> <p>b. Hargovind Khurana</p> <p>c. Kary Mullis</p> <p>d. Arthur Kornberg</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-35"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-35"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> (c) Kary Mullis</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-36"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bmultiple-choice-questions-b-primary-36"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Which of the following statements does not hold true for restriction enzyme?</p> <div class="fragment"> <p>a. It recognises a palindromic nucleotide sequence</p> <p>b. It is an endonuclease</p> <p>c. It is isolated from viruses</p> <p>d. It can produce the same kind of sticky ends in different DNA molecules</p> </div> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-37"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> How is copy number of the plasmid vector related to yield of recombinant protein?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-38"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-1"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> Copy number decides the times to which the rDNA can be multiplied. More is the copy number higher amount of the recombinant protein is produced.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-39"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-2"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Would you choose an exonuclease while producing a recombinant DNA molecule?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-40"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-3"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> No, exonuclease removes nucleotides from the end of the DNA strands.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-41"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-4"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> What does H in’ ’d’ and ‘III’ refer to in the enzyme Hind III?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-42"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-5"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> H refers to the genus of the organism from which the enzyme has been isolated. H refers to Haemophilus. d refers to the strain type. III refers to the sequence in which the restriction enzyme is isolated.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-43"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-6"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Restriction enzymes should not have more than one site of action in the cloning site of a vector. Comment.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-44"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-7"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> It would result in the formation of multiple fragments if a restriction enzyme had more than one site of action.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-45"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-8"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> What does ‘competent’ refer to in competent cells used in transformation experiments?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-46"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-9"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> Competent cell refers to the capability of the cell wall of bacteria to uptake hydrophilic DNA fragments when treated with divalent ions through the cell membrane</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-47"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-10"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> What is the significance of adding proteases at the time of isolation of genetic material (DNA).</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-48"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-11"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> Proteases are the enzymes which digest the protein present inside the cell. Proteases ensure the isolation of DNA without its contamination with proteins. Protein causes interference during downstream processing.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-49"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-12"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> While doing a PCR, ‘denaturation’ step is missed. What will be its effect on the process?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-50"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-13"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> If the denaturation step is missed, DNA strands will not separate from each other hence primer cannot be added to the ends.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-51"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-14"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Name a recombinant vaccine that is currently being used in vaccination program.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-52"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-15"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> The hepatitis-B vaccine is the recombinant vaccine that is currently being used in a vaccination program</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-53"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-16"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Do biomolecules (DNA, protein) exhibit biological activity in anhydrous conditions?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-54"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-17"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> No. In the absence of water, biomolecules become dysfunctional.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-55"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-18"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> What modification is done on the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to convert it into a cloning vector?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-56"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bvery-short-answer-type-questions-b-primary-19"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens possesses the capacity to induce tumour formation.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-57"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> What is meant by gene cloning?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-58"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-1"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> Gene cloning involves the insertion of a gene of interest within the DNA of a vector. These vectors are used to introduce the gene of interest inside the host cell.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-59"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-2"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Both a wine maker and a molecular biologist who had developed a recombinant vaccine claim to be biotechnologists. Who in your opinion is correct?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-60"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-3"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> Both are correct. The winemaker uses yeast to produce ethanol (natural phenomenon), whereas a molecular Biologist uses vectors with high copy numbers to produce a large number of antigens.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-61"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-4"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> A recombinant DNA molecule was created by ligating a gene to a plasmid vector. By mistake, an exonuclease was added to the tube containing the recombinant DNA. How does this affect the next step in the experiment i.e. bacterial transformation?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-62"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-5"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> It would not affect the constructed recombinant DNA. The endonuclease would not recognise the specific palindromic nucleotide sequences and will not cut at specific positions as the recombinant DNA has no free ends.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-63"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-6"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Restriction enzymes that are used in the construction of recombinant DNA are endonucleases which cut the DNA at ‘specific-recognition sequence’. What would be the disadvantage if they do not cut the DNA at specific-recognition sequence?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-64"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-7"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> If restriction enzymes don’t cut the DNA at specific positions, it will not produce sticky ends, and the construction of recombinant DNA will not be possible.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-65"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-8"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> A plasmid DNA and a linear DNA (both are of the same size) have one site for a restriction endonuclease. When cut and separated on agarose gel electrophoresis, plasmid shows one DNA band while linear DNA shows two fragments. Explain.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-66"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-9"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> When endonuclease cuts the specific restriction site of the circular DNA of the plasmid, the circular DNA changes into linear DNA. But, when endonuclease cuts within the linear DNA, it will result in the formation of two linear DNA fragments.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-67"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-10"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> How does one visualise DNA on an agarose gel?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-68"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-11"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> DNA is made visible by staining it with Ethidium bromide, which on exposure to UV rays, appears to be orange-coloured bands.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-69"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-12"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> A plasmid without a selectable marker was chosen as vector for cloning a gene. How does this affect the experiment?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-70"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-13"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> In the absence of a selectable marker, it would become difficult to distinguish between transformant and non-transformant cells.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-71"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-14"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> A mixture of fragmented DNA was electrophoresed in an agarose gel. After staining the gel with ethidium bromide, no DNA bands were observed. What could be the reason?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-72"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-15"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> Maybe the isolated DNA has been degraded during the isolation process or DNA has not been exposed to UV radiation after staining it with Ethidium bromide.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-73"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-16"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Describe the role of $CaCl_2$ in the preparation of competent cells?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-74"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-17"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> When Ca2+ ions are rubbed against the cell wall, it results in the enlargement of the diameter of the pores and allows the uptake of foreign DNA fragments.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-75"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-18"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> What would happen when one grows a recombinant bacterium in a bioreactor but forget to add antibiotic to the medium in which the recombinant is growing?</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-76"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-19"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> In the absence of an antibiotic mixture, both transformants and non-transformants will be produced. It would result in the production of poor quality yield.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-77"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-20"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Identify and explain steps ’ $A$ ‘, ’ $B$ ’ and ’ $C$ ’ in the PCR diagram given below. Region to be Amplified</p> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/91d24ab0-5821-44a6-2664-d334dd282c00/public" width="270px"> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-78"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-21"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong></p> <p>A. Denaturation- in this step, double-stranded DNA is denatured at a high temperature of 94℃for 15 seconds.</p> <p>B. Annealing-Primers are added to anneal. This is done at 450 C using Mg2+ ions.</p> <p>C. Extension- Taq polymerase is used to extend the primer by adding nucleotides at a temperature of 72℃.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-79"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-22"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Name the regions marked A, B and C.</p> <img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_01_30_21108c308f4c7978476cg-080.jpg?height=585&width=668&top_left_y=2037&top_left_x=891" width="270px"> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-80"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-bshort-answer-type-questions-b-primary-23"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS </b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong></p> <p>A- Bam HI</p> <p>B- Pst I</p> <p>C- ampR</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-81"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-blong-answer-type-questionsb-primary"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS</b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> For selection of recombinants, insertional inactivation of antibiotic marker has been superceded by insertional inactivation of a marker gene coding for a chormogenic substrate. Give reasons.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-82"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-blong-answer-type-questionsb-primary-1"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS</b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong></p> <p>Insertional inactivation of antibiotic markers requires simultaneous plating of two culture media or chromogenic inactivation is a short method to distinguish between transformants and non-transformants. In chromogenic inactivation, the gene of interest is inserted in between the chromogenic gene. Due to the inactivation of the chromogenic gene, the recombinant DNA would not produce colour. Hence it can be concluded that Colonies producing colour are identified as non-transformants, whereas the colonies which do not produce colour are transformant colonies.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-83"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-blong-answer-type-questionsb-primary-2"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS</b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Describe the role of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in transforming a plant cell.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-84"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-blong-answer-type-questionsb-primary-3"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS</b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong> Agrobacterium tumefaciens is known to cause infection in plants, especially in dicots.</p> <p>The Ti plasmid of this bacterium induces tumour formation inside the plant cell and has been exploited for cloning of the gene of interest and stably integrating them into the plant genes. The DNA of the Ti plasmid gets incorporated with the host cell DNA. However, to use it as a vector, the tumour-causing gene has been deleted by a molecular biologist.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-85"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-blong-answer-type-questionsb-primary-4"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS</b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Question :</strong> Illustrate the design of a bioreactor. Highlight the difference between a flask in your laboratory and a bioreactor which allows cells to grow in a continuous culture system.</p> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-86"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-blong-answer-type-questionsb-primary-5"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS</b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p><strong>Solution :</strong></p> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/d14c2f41-9699-480c-e070-8dc3a629b300/public" width="390px"> </main> <hr>

<h4 id="success-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size28pxbbiotechnology--principles-and-processesbsuccess-87"><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"><b>BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES</b></Success></h4> <h4 id="primary-stylefloatcentertext-aligncenterfont-size24px-blong-answer-type-questionsb-primary-6"><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <b>LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS</b> </Primary></h4> <hr> <main> <p>Flask is used for small laboratory scale testing of culture, and bioreactor is used for commercial-scale production.</p> <p>In a flask, the small volume cultures cannot yield appreciable quantities of products, whereas, in a bioreactor, the large quantities can be cultured, that is, about a volume of 100-1000 litres.</p> <p>Biotechnology can be defined as the effective use of Biology to create products and technologies for the welfare of human beings. The rise of genetic engineering, along with the creation of vaccines, helped growth in the field of modern biotechnology. Biotechnology is used in a variety of different fields, such as Waste Management, Energy Production, Therapeutics etc.</p> </main> <hr>