Notes from NEET topper
The heart is a vital organ in the human body responsible for pumping blood throughout the circulatory system. It consists of several chambers, valves, and blood vessels that work together to ensure efficient blood circulation.
Structure of the Heart:
Atria: The heart has four chambers, with two upper chambers called atria (singular: atrium). The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava, while the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.
Ventricles: The lower chambers of the heart are called ventricles. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left ventricle, which is more muscular, pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta, which distributes it throughout the body.
Valves: The heart has four valves that ensure one-way blood flow:
Tricuspid Valve: Located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Pulmonary Valve: Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
Mitral Valve (Bicuspid Valve): Located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Aortic Valve: Located between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Septum: The septum is a muscular wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
