याद रखने योग्य अवधारणाएँ और फॉर्मूला
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Flower Formation: Flowers are the reproductive structures in angiosperms containing both male (stamens) and female (pistil/carpel) reproductive organs.
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Male Reproductive Organs: Stamens consist of the anther (produces pollen) and the filament. In the family Fabaceae, the stamens are typically arranged in two groups (diadelphous) and each stamen has two distinct chambers (dithecous) in the anther. This arrangement is not present in Solanaceae or Liliaceae.
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Female Reproductive Organs: The pistil/carpel consists of the stigma (receives pollen), style (tube-like structure), and ovary (contains ovules with female gametes).
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Pollination: Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma can occur via various agents like wind, insects, birds, or bats.
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Fertilization: After pollination, a pollen tube forms, delivering sperm to the ovule. Fertilization results in a zygote formation.
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Seed Formation: Fertilized ovules develop into seeds, containing an embryo, stored nutrients, and a protective seed coat. The ovary often becomes a fruit.
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Seed Dispersal: Mature seeds are dispersed by wind, animals, or water, aiding plant propagation.
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Germination: Under favorable conditions, seeds germinate, and the embryo develops into a new plant.
