Oogenesis:

Oogenesis is the process of egg cell (ova) formation in females.

It begins during embryonic development, with oogonia differentiating into primary oocytes.

Primary oocytes remain arrested in prophase I until puberty.

Puberty triggers the selection of one primary oocyte each menstrual cycle for maturation.

The mature secondary oocyte is released during ovulation.

Fertilization leads to the formation of a mature ovum.

Oogenesis contributes to genetic diversity.

Hormones like FSH and LH regulate oogenesis.

Oogenesis has a finite supply, and menopause marks its end.

Sperm:

Sperm are male reproductive cells (gametes).

They are produced in the testes through spermatogenesis.

A mature sperm consists of a head (nucleus with genetic material), midpiece (mitochondria for energy), and tail (for motility).

Sperm are specialized for fertilization and have whip-like motility.

Millions of sperm are produced daily throughout a man’s life.

Fertilization occurs when sperm penetrate the egg.

Sperm carry 23 chromosomes, contributing to the embryo’s genetic material.

Hormones like FSH, LH, and testosterone regulate spermatogenesis.

Sperm count and quality can vary among individuals.

Cumulus Cells:

Cumulus cells are found in ovarian follicles.

They support and nourish developing oocytes.

Cumulus cells facilitate communication between oocytes and the environment.

During ovulation, they form the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC).

COC is released into the fallopian tube for potential fertilization.

Cumulus cells play a protective role during fertilization.

The outermost layer is called the corona radiata.

Hormones like FSH and LH regulate cumulus cell development.

Cumulus cells are important in assisted reproductive technologies (e.g., IVF).