1. Light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

  2. Both, PSII and PSI, are involved in the light reactions.

  3. Photosystems contain all the pigments (except one molecule of chlorophyll a) forming a light harvesting complex, also known as antennae complex

  4. Pigments absorb light in the form of photons and this energy is used to excite the electrons to higher energy levels.

  5. Site of photolysis of water is PSII, releasing oxygen, electrons, and protons (H+).

  6. The products of the light reaction (ATP and NADPH) are used in Dark reaction for carbohydrate synthesis.

  7. The reduction phase of the Calvin cycle is considered as reverse of glycolysis.

  8. Chemiosmotic hypothesis explains how the electron transport is linked to the generation of ATP.

  9. Excited electrons from PSII are transferred through protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane.

  10. This creates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.

  11. The breakdown of the proton gradient generates ATP.



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