| Excretory Product | Excreted by | Excretory Organ(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Ammonia (NH3) | Aquatic organisms (e.g., fish) | Gills, skin, nephridia (in some invertebrates) |
| Urea (NH2CONH2) | Mammals, some adult amphibians | Kidneys (producing urine) |
| Uric Acid (C5H4N4O3) | Birds, reptiles (except some amphibians), insects | Salt glands (in birds), reptilian kidneys (efficient water conservation) |
| Guanine (C5H5N5O) | Certain marine birds, reptiles (e.g., marine iguanas) | Specialized salt glands |
| Amino Acids and Urea | Some terrestrial amphibians (e.g., frogs) | Skin, urinary bladder, cloacal cells |
| None (Simple Diffusion) | Lower organisms (e.g., protozoans) | Lack specialized organs, rely on cell membrane diffusion |
The Ministry of Education has launched the SATHEE initiative in association with IIT Kanpur to provide free guidance for competitive exams. SATHEE offers a range of resources, including reference video lectures, mock tests, and other resources to support your preparation.
Please note that participation in the SATHEE program does not guarantee clearing any exam or admission to any institute.
