याद रखने योग्य अवधारणाएँ और फॉर्मूला
Human Genome Project (HGP):
- Aim: Map and sequence the entire human genome.
- Timeline: Started in 1990, completed in 2003.
- Objectives: Determine DNA base pair sequences, identify and map genes, study gene functions, provide a reference genome.
- Significance: Advanced genetics, identified genes for disorders, personalized medicine, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical development.
DNA Fingerprinting:
- Definition: Forensic technique to identify individuals based on unique DNA patterns.
- Principle: Relies on individual DNA uniqueness (except identical twins) and uses specific DNA regions like STRs.
- Applications: Criminal investigations, paternity testing, immigration cases, wildlife conservation, historical and anthropological research.
Molecular Markers:
- Definition: Identifiable DNA sequences used to track specific genes or alleles.
- Types: SNPs, RFLPs, microsatellites (STRs), AFLPs.
- Applications: Genetic mapping, breeding selection, population genetics, disease diagnosis.
