Episode #121 - Hypertension: A Silent Killer

Introduction to Hypertension

When my mother was diagnosed with hypertension at the age of 60, it came as a huge surprise to our family. This was our first encounter with the condition known as hypertension, or high blood pressure. Today, we will delve into the topic of hypertension, exploring its prevalence, the physiological changes it causes, and strategies for prevention and management. Joining us is Dr. Taskeen Khan, an expert in the field. Welcome, Dr. Khan. Could you explain why hypertension is often referred to as the ‘silent killer’?

Understanding Hypertension

Dr. Taskeen Khan: Thank you, Vismita. I’m eager to discuss hypertension. It’s termed the ‘silent killer’ because it typically presents no symptoms. As you mentioned, your mother seemed perfectly fine until her diagnosis. High blood pressure can lead to severe conditions such as heart attacks, strokes, and kidney disease, all without any noticeable symptoms.

The Prevalence of Hypertension

Vismita: How widespread is the issue of hypertension?

Dr. Khan: Hypertension is extremely common, affecting one in three adults globally. Alarmingly, only one in five individuals with hypertension have their condition under control. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that improving global control rates could save 76 million lives by 2050, a number equivalent to the population of South Africa.

Blood Pressure Explained

Vismita: How did I do with my understanding of blood pressure readings?

Dr. Khan: You did well. The top number in a blood pressure reading is the systolic pressure, which measures the pressure when the heart muscle contracts. The bottom number is the diastolic pressure, indicating the pressure when the heart muscle relaxes.

Physiological Impact of Hypertension

Vismita: What exactly happens in our bodies when we have high blood pressure?

Dr. Khan: Hypertension affects the arteries, which are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood to your organs. It can cause these arteries to thicken, become stiff, or develop small clots. These clots can travel to the heart or brain, leading to heart attacks and strokes.

Managing and Preventing Hypertension

Vismita: What are your top tips for managing and preventing high blood pressure?

Dr. Khan: Firstly, seek medical care and regularly visit your doctor if diagnosed with hypertension. Adhere to prescribed medications. My own grandmother has hypertension, and I follow the WHO guidelines for her treatment. Additionally, consider lifestyle changes encapsulated in the ‘Four S’s’:

1. Stop Smoking: Smoking cessation is crucial.
2. Reduce Sodium: Lower your salt intake.
3. Sleep: Ensure adequate and quality sleep.
4. Stress Management: Reduce stress levels.

Summary

• Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often symptomless and is known as the ‘silent killer.’
• It affects one in three adults globally, with only 20% having their condition under control.
• The WHO estimates that improving control rates could save 76 million lives by 2050.
• Hypertension causes arteries to thicken, stiffen, or develop clots, leading to heart attacks and strokes.
• Management and prevention include regular medical check-ups, medication adherence, and lifestyle changes summarized by the ‘Four S’s’: Stop smoking, reduce sodium, ensure adequate sleep, and manage stress.