Allergic vs Non-Allergic Asthma: Understanding Triggers and Symptoms for Better Management

Asthma is a long-term condition that affects the lungs, making it hard to breathe. Depending on the symptoms, triggers, and age group, asthma is divided into different types. Generally, asthma is classified as either allergic or non-allergic, each with its own unique characteristics such as triggers, duration of asthma attacks, and severity. Let’s delve into the details of both types.

Allergic Asthma vs Non-Allergic Asthma

In a conversation with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Mahavir Modi, a Consultant Pulmonologist at Ruby Hall Clinic in Pune and Director at Modi Clinic in Pune, explained, “Allergic asthma is one of the most common forms of asthma. Symptoms can appear at any age, but people with allergic asthma are usually younger than those with non-allergic asthma. Research shows that allergic asthma is more common in males, while non-allergic asthma is more prevalent in females. The ratio is about 1.2 females to 0.8 males.”

Triggers

Dr. Modi further explained, “Allergic asthma is triggered by environmental allergens like dust mites, pollen, pet dander, and mold. When an allergic person encounters these allergens, their immune system reacts, causing inflammation and narrowing of the airways. Exercise-induced breathing problems are also more common in allergic asthma patients compared to those with non-allergic asthma.”

He added, “Non-allergic asthma, on the other hand, is triggered by factors other than allergens. These can include viral infections, changes in weather, stress, and even certain medications and foods. Both types of asthma can have seasonal flare-ups. For instance, non-allergic asthma tends to worsen in the winter and improve in the summer.”

Symptoms

Discussing the symptoms, Dr. Modi said, “The symptoms of allergic asthma are similar to those of non-allergic asthma. These include coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which can worsen with physical activity or exposure to allergens.”

Age Group

According to Dr. Modi, people with allergic asthma usually experience their first asthma attack at a younger age. Studies also show that a family history of asthma is more common in allergic asthma compared to non-allergic asthma.

IgE Levels

Dr. Modi noted, “Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an antibody produced by the body in response to allergens and is linked to the severity of allergic diseases. Patients with allergic asthma generally have higher IgE levels in their blood compared to those with non-allergic asthma. However, specific blood tests like IgE levels and allergy panel tests will be recommended by the doctor based on the symptoms and severity.”

He concluded, “Understanding the different types of asthma is essential for effective management and treatment. If anyone experiences symptoms like coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and breathlessness for an extended period, it is advisable to consult a doctor for early detection and proper treatment. By identifying specific triggers and symptoms, individuals with allergic asthma can work with their healthcare providers to create personalized treatment plans that help manage their condition and improve their quality of life.”