Hina Khan’s Stage 3 Breast Cancer: Essential Information for Competitive Exam Aspirants

Indian actor Hina Khan’s recent diagnosis of stage 3 breast cancer has brought renewed attention to the prevalence and seriousness of breast cancer, particularly in India where it is the leading cancer among women. Understanding the symptoms and the importance of early screening is crucial for effective treatment and better outcomes.

Historical Context

Breast cancer awareness has significantly evolved over the years. Historically, breast cancer was often diagnosed at advanced stages due to a lack of awareness and limited medical technology. The introduction of mammography in the 1960s revolutionized early detection, significantly improving survival rates. In India, breast cancer awareness campaigns have gained momentum in recent decades, emphasizing the importance of early detection and regular screenings.

Symptoms and Screening

Prof. SVS Deo, President of the Association of Breast Surgeons of India (ABSI), emphasizes the importance of being vigilant about changes in breast size, shape, or symmetry. Key symptoms to watch for include:

• Dimpling or puckering of the skin
• An ‘orange peel’ texture on the skin
• Nipple retraction
• Unusual blood-stained discharge
• Persistent pain in any area of the breast

Regular self-examinations are crucial. Prof. Deo advises women to perform monthly self-exams following their menstrual cycle. Using the pads of your fingers, check for lumps, bumps, or areas of thickening. If any abnormalities are detected, consult a doctor immediately. Early detection through simple and accessible investigations like mammograms is vital for successful treatment.

Advances in Treatment

Technological advancements have significantly improved breast cancer treatment. Prof. Deo highlights the use of fluorescence imaging, which enhances visualization during surgery, allowing for selective lymph node removal. This reduces post-operative complications such as lymphedema and lowers overall healthcare costs.

Dr. Bhavisha Ghugare, Senior Consultant at HCG Cancer Centre, recommends annual mammograms for women over 40. Early detection increases the chances of successful treatment. Depending on the stage of cancer (graded 0-4), treatment options include surgical removal (breast conservation surgery or mastectomy) and chemotherapy.

Hope and Technological Progress

Dr. Ghugare shares that technological advancements have led to successful treatments and reduced hospital visits for external radiotherapy. For stage 1 and stage 2 breast cancer patients, radiotherapy is a viable option. However, early detection remains crucial. Self-examination helps identify early symptoms, enabling timely treatment.

Summary

• Prevalence: Breast cancer is the leading cancer among women in India.
• Symptoms: Look for changes in breast size, shape, dimpling, puckering, ‘orange peel’ texture, nipple retraction, unusual discharge, and persistent pain.
• Self-Examination: Perform monthly self-exams following your menstrual cycle.
• Screening: Annual mammograms are recommended for women over 40.
• Technological Advances: Fluorescence imaging and other technologies have improved surgical outcomes and reduced complications.
• Treatment Options: Include surgical removal, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, depending on the cancer stage.
• Early Detection: Crucial for successful treatment and better outcomes.

Understanding these aspects is essential for competitive exam aspirants, as it not only highlights the importance of health awareness but also reflects advancements in medical science and public health initiatives.